Resistance Aim: my main aim is to investigate the factors that affect the resistance in a conductor, in which here I am using a nichrome wire.
What factors affect the resistance of wire? Aim: my main aim is to investigate the factors that affect the resistance in a conductor, in which here I am using a nichrome wire. The focal factors that affect the resistance in a conductor are: * Length * Temperature * Cross- section area * Material Hypothesis: I think that the more the cross-section area, the lower the resistance in the conductor or the nichrome wire will be. This is because the resistance happen due to the movement of the electrons through the material ( once a voltage has been applied ) they collide with the atoms in the material and as a result lose some of their energy. The idea of resistance is simply how difficult it is for the electrons to move through a material. The more difficult it is, the more energy they lose in the material on their movements. The definition of an electrical resistance is the ratio of voltage to current. The equation we use to find the resistance from the current and voltage is: Resistance (R) = Voltage (V) / Current (I) To put it in a simpler way, it is the number of volts difference across the object when one amp of current flows. It should be remembered that voltage is the number of joules of energy transferred by one coulomb of charge, and that current is the number of coulombs of charge passing a place each second. Now what the object is made of this means its
Draw stress and strain graphs for the metal copper and the alloy constantan. Calculate the figures of young's modulus for copper and constantan. Discuss the physics involved.
AS Physics Data Analysis coursework This coursework assignment requires me analyse and evaluate data on copper and constantan given to me. It entails investigating the young's modulus of the metal and alloy. Thus I will use many methods during to complete my investigation. Aims: . To draw stress and strain graphs for the metal copper and the alloy constantan 2. To calculate the figures of young's modulus for copper and constantan 3. To discuss the physics involved Plan: In this investigation I have received results for extension of copper and constantan for certain forces applied to it, for which I will analyse and calculate the young's modulus. The results I have been given are forces applied to copper and constantan, three sets of results for the metal and alloy and this can be used by averaging data to give more accurate results thus these results given to me will be used to create graphs, calculate young's modulus and analyse data for both metals so I can complete my investigation. I will need to draw a force and extension graph for both copper and constantan, the extension shown will be the averaged value for each metal. I will also calculate the stress and strain values and plot this on a graph for both copper and constantan, I will plot these on the same graph and analyse the graph, hence I can find any patterns from the data and this will require me to draw
The factors affecting the resistance of a metalic conductor.
INVESTIGATION: THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE RESISTANCE OF A METALLIC CONDUCTOR Metals conduct electricity because the electrons in the metal can move about inside the structure. These electrons are called free electrons. Electricity is conducted through a conductor by means of free electrons. Atoms consist of protons, electrons and neutrons. The protons and neutrons make the nucleus of an atom while the electrons circle the outer area of the atom. Electrons in metal are able to move freely and are used as current in an electric circuit. This is because they carry a charge and can move all around the circuit with this charge. While these electrons are travelling around the circuit, atoms are sometimes in the way, causing the two to collide. This takes out some of the energy from the electron and transfers it to the atom. This is how resistance occurs. The number of free electrons depends on the material and the more the free electrons in a substance the better the material as a conductor. All conductors offer resistance to the flow of current. The conductor's atoms determine this resistance. For example copper atoms offer negligible resistance to an electric current because a significant proportion of its electrons are free to move from electron to electron. Thus copper is commonly used as a conductor. Current, is the flow of electrons around a circuit. Those materials,
To investigate how the resistance, R, of a length of wire, l, changes with diameter, D and determine the resistivity of the material the wire used.
Resistance of a Wire Aim To investigate how the resistance, R, of a length of wire, l, changes with diameter, D and determine the resistivity ? of the material the wire used. Introduction In this experiment, I am investigating the resistance, length and diameter to find the resistivity of a wire. Hence, we use the resistance formula to calculate this: R is the resistance of the conductor in Ohms (?) A is the cross sectional area in m2 l is the length of the wire in metres (m) ? is the resistivity of the material in Ohm metres (?m) Three external factors influence the resistance in a conductor. Thickness (cross-sectional area of the wire), length, and temperature all have some effect on the amount of resistance created in a wire. The fourth factor is the resistivity of the material we are using. The wires which are available for use are: Constantan (mm) Nichrome (mm) Cross sectional area (x 10-8m2) 2.d.p 0.19 2.80 0.23 4.10 0.28 0.28 6.10 0.31 0.31 7.50 0.37 0.37 0.70 0.40 2.50 0.45 0.45 5.90 0.56 24.60 0.71 39.50 0.90 63.50 .25 22.20 I found that it would be better to use the constantan wire because of the range of diameters, hence a wide range of cross sectional areas of wire are available. The temperature coefficients of the resistance for a constantan and nichrome wire are shown in the table below: Substance Temperature
Investigation in resistance in wires
Investigating Resistance in Wires Aim In this investigation I will be looking into the theory of resistance and current in wires; this theory is called Ohms Law. By doing the experiments I will be hoping to prove Ohms law correct, and testing to see if it remains constant as the voltage, and wire lengths vary. Related Theory Resistance is measured in ohms (), resistance can be calculated by using the formula V = I × R V = voltage measured in volts (V) I = current measured in amps (A) R = resistance measured in ohms () This is the formula called Ohms Law. Ohms law is the relationship between voltage, current and resistance. For a metal conductor at a constant temperature the current is directly proportional to the voltage. This means that if the current increases the voltage will also increase in the same proportion. For example: If a cell provides a voltage of 1 volt and the circuit has a resistor of 1 ohm connected to it an ammeter would read 1 amp. If the cell was replaced with a 2 Volt cell the ammeter would read 2 Amps. Resistance is caused by electrons bumping into ions. If the length of the wire is doubled, the electrons bump into twice as many ions so there will be twice as much resistance. If the cross-sectional area of the wire doubles there will be twice as many ions and twice as many electrons bumping into them, but also twice as many electrons getting
My project this year is based on the solar system. In my project I will discuss the theory behind the start of the solar system. I will also describe the sun and planets moving round it.
Introduction My project this year is based on the solar system. In my project I will discuss the theory behind the start of the solar system. I will also describe the sun and planets moving round it. Some planets can easily be seen at night but you need a powerful telescope to see others. A lot of the findings in our solar system are obtained recently from the photographs sent be space probes like Voyager. Findings have also been made by using powerful radio telescopes on earth. I will conclude my project with what may be in store for us in the future. Chapter 1 History of the Solar System The region of the universe in which we live, the solar system, is one of many clusters of planets and stars in space. Of the nine planets that orbit our nearby star, the sun, Earth is the only one known to support life. Our Solar System lies in a particular region of the universe known as the Milky Way galaxy. The solar system cosists of the Sun, together with the planets, their satellites, and asteroid, meteoroids, and comets, all of which are travelling around the Sun in paths called orbits. The word "solar" comes from the Latin word 'sol,' which means "sun." The Sun's gravitational pull keeps the planets and other members of the solar system in orbit and stops them from travelling of into space. The Sun also provides the heat and light in the solar system. The other
Investigate young's modulus behind Constantan and Copper.
AS LEVEL PHYSICS COURSEWORK ON DATA ANALYSIS In this physics coursework, I have been asked to investigate young's modulus behind Constantan and Copper. I will produce the stress strain graphs showing the young's modulus for both the metals. I will after when constructing the graphs, I will discuss the physics behind my results and I will compare the young's modulus for both materials. Aim: * To draw the stress-strain graphs for a metal and an alloy. * To work out the figures for young's modulus for both metals. * To discuss the physics behind my results. Plan: For this particular investigation, I have been issued with the results and have been asked to analyse the results finding the young's modulus for two materials, which are: Copper and Constantan. From the results given, I will construct the necessary graphs, analyse, and compare the materials so I can successfully compare the young's modulus of the given materials. I have been provided with the following information: the force applied to the material, three results for the extension, which will help me gain accuracy when averaging this out. I will produce a graph showing the stress-strain from the data, which has been provided. This will present me the young's modulus of the metal (alloy), and subsequently I will create a second graph, which will show Force-extension, and I will average out the
Investigation into Energy Released From Burning Various Alcohols.
Investigation into Energy Released From Burning Various Alcohols Planning In this investigation, I will investigate the energy released from different alcohols when they are burnt. I will be using the following alcohols: Methanol Ethanol Propan-2-ol Butan-1-ol Pentan-1-ol I will be burning the alcohols in spirit burners, with a beaker of water above. I will use the temperature of the water, change in mass of the spirit burner and the specific heat capacity of water to work out the amount of energy released. The reaction that occurs when burning alcohols is exothermic, and so the water in the beaker will absorb this heat energy. The variables that could affect the investigation are listed here: * Types of Alcohol * Isomers of Alcohols * Type of Container (I.e. glass, plastic) * Time left for Alcohol to Burn * Height of Water above flame * Wick length on spirit burner An alcohol has the general formula of: Cn H2n+1 OH So, for example, the formula for Ethanol is C2H5OH, and the formula for Propan-1-ol/Propan-2-ol is C3H7OH. Each alcohol has a different amount of Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) atoms, and this will affect the energy released by each separate one. The different isomers of each alcohol may also affect the results. An isomer is another variation of an alcohol, which has the same chemical formula, but a different molecule structure, and different
Resonance of a Wine Glass
Resonance of a Wine Glass Final Conclusions Reached The amount of water added to a glass affects its resonant frequency. As more water is added the frequency goes down. This is because the waves lose energy when they drag water molecules along with them around the glass.1 The more water in the glass, the bigger surface area is covered, and more molecules are exposed to the dragging effects of the waves of vibration throughout the glass. All four sets of results taken show a curved trend (although some more prominent than others). Similar shaped glasses appear to produce similar frequencies and my theory is that the energy taken by the water is proportional to the air left in the glass by a factor of k/x2 where could be any constant > 1 and x could be to any power >0. Originally I thought the consistency of the liquid in the glass would affect the sound it produced as I thought stronger intermolecular bonds would mean fewer molecules would be dragged around the glass and thus the frequency would not change as much as with water. However, after two tests, conclusive results showed I was wrong and this made no difference to the frequency of sound it produced. I came to no firm conclusion about the relationship between speed and frequency. I believe this is because there is more of a relationship between pressure and frequency. However, I couldn't test this at school as the
Investigating how the length of wire affects its resistance
Investigating how the length of a wire affects its resistance Aim: To find out how changing the length of a wire will affect its resistance. Introduction Electricity is conducted through a conductor by means of free electrons. An electric current is made up of charged particles that flow called electrons. They move through a conductor, e.g. wire. The more free electrons in a conductor there is, the better it will conduct electricity as more mobile electrons mean more flow. Conductors of different materials have different amount of free electrons, therefore, some conductors conduct electricity better than others. Resistance is what opposes the flow of current, (obstruction offered by the wire) and is measured in ohms, with the Greek symbol: ?. Resistance makes it difficult for the flow of electrons through the conductor. It can be caused electrons colliding with atoms in a conductor, obstructing the flow. Electrons will also collide with each other if there is little free space in a conductor, and so resistance will increase. Resistance can be affected by several different factors, such as light, temperature, width of wire, cross section area of wire, as well as the length of wire. In this experiment, I am going to investigate how the length of a wire will change its resistance. I will be using a range of wire lengths to test this. Formula: Resistance=
