Global Dimming
Global Dimming Geography IB HL Mr. Verity Nils Werner Global Dimming Global dimming is an alarming phenomenon. Visible pollution particles that are released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned cause global dimming. Similar to global warming, this process changes rainfall patterns worldwide. The amount of sunlight reaching the surface of the earth in the Middle-Eastern region has decrease by twenty-two percent because more sunlight is being reflected back into space. The visible pollutant particles from burning fossil fuels reflect sunlight and cause an increase in precipitation by causing more droplets to form. This causes clouds to reflect even more sunlight. It is very likely that global dimming has been disguising the negative effects of global warming by stopping some of the sun's energy from reaches the surface of the earth. A worldwide effort is being done to a control or limitation on pollution. There is a very possibility that as the air becomes less polluted by soot and sulphur dioxide, global dimming will decrease, consequently causing the effects of global warming to increase. America is a more economically developed country and is experiencing a very high level of global dimming due to their level aviation travel. Post 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centers in New York created the ideal opportunity to find out whether contour
The aim of this geographical report is to find a correlation between the fertility rates and the status of women through the analysis of the indicators of development in different countries of the world, based on published statistics.
. RESEARCH QUESTION AND HYPOTHESIS The aim of this geographical report is to find a correlation between the fertility rates and the status of women through the analysis of the indicators of development in different countries of the world, based on published statistics. The choice of the countries is made using two different selection methods: the random sampling method and the systematic sampling method. Through the internet investigation on the selected countries, the research is going to try to answer the question: what is the relationship between the total fertility rate (TFR) and the level of education of women? The analysis of the collected data will help the attempt to demonstrate the following hypothesis: the correlation between the two aspects is that the higher the educational attainment, the lower a woman's fertility rate. It is important to consider another possible hypothesis: a low increase of a country's development brings to its reduction in population growth. 2. INTRODUCTION The analysis in this assessment is intended to prove in what way the level of education is a very critical factor in accounting for lifetime fertility differentials and vice versa. The study tries to determine empirically what the correlation between these two factors is. The main consequences of any kind of correlation concern the status of women, the fertility rates and the level of
Hong Kong is a heaven for the rich and hell for the poor . Discuss.
Hong Kong is a heaven for the rich and hell for the poor Introduction Hong Kong, one of the richest cities in the world and famously named the shopping paradise. However, behind the lights, there are a lot of people who sleep with their stomachs empty at night and never get enough food to eat every day. Even though Hong Kong has a lot of millionaires, its poverty rate rises every year, meaning that the poverty gap between the rich and poor grows. Not surprisingly, Hong Kong has the highest Gini Coefficient in the world, which is 0.533. Gini Coefficient is commonly used to indicate income inequality in a society; it is a number, which has a value between 0 and 1, as the value rises, the higher the degree of income inequality of the society. Rich people living in Hong Kong usually get better treatment, more resources and even more opportunities. On the other hand, poor people are often discriminated against and this has a negative impact on their accessibility and treatment received in the labor market. I agree with the statement that Hong Kong is “a heaven for rich and hell for the poor”. In this essay, I will discuss what made Hong Kong “a heaven for the rich and hell for the poor”, which includes economic restructuring, unequal distribution of resources and the vicious cycle of poor people. Also, I will investigate the reasons that Hong Kong is named “A heaven
Crude oil essay. In this paper I shall talk about crude oil being a valuable resource that will soon run out.
Crude Oil Introduction Crude oil is a resource that is essential in our society. Our lives virtually run on this fossil fuel and it is hard to imagine a world without it. Though due to the fact that fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy soon this shall be the case. In this paper I shall talk about crude oil being a valuable resource that will soon run out. Formation: Fossil fuels are hydrocarbon containing natural resources found underground. These natural resources were formed by the remains of animals and plants, also known as biomass, from over 150 million years; this is when the dead sea life and animals were buried under the sea bead. Over millions of years the biomass became covered in silt, sand, mud and other various products that slowly formed into sedimentary rock. The mass of sedimentary rock enables huge pressure to be exerted onto the biomass, this factor combined with the temperature and the fact that there is little to no oxygen and there is bacteria that aids to decay the remains of the animals and plants, causes the material to become oil or other fossil fuels. There are 3 main examples of fossil fuels, Coal, natural gas and crude oil. All though they are all made in a similar manner, they all vary slightly. Coal is formed by a majority of dead land-based plant life such as trees; the dead plant life then goes through the same high
Extreme Environment Report - Cumbria. The aim is to investigate a cold and high attitude environment in high mountains in non tropical latitudes.
EXTREME ENVIRONMENT REPORT - Cold and High attitude 1.0 Introduction .1 Hypothesis and aim: .1.1 The aim is to investigate a cold and high attitude environment in high mountains in non - tropical latitudes. .2 Back Ground information: 1.2.1. These environments are relatively accessible and tend to be viewed as inhospitable to human habitation. Despite this, they provide numerous opportunities for settlement and economic activities. This report examines the essential landscape characteristics of mountains that experienced glaciations during the ice age. It will also investigate the natural processed operating in this area, and the way in which people have responded to the opportunities they offer and the challenges they pose for management and sustainability. .3 Location: 1.3.1 The Lake District National Park is the mountainous region located in the north - west of England (54°35'N, 03°20' E), in Cumbria, just south of Scotland. It's the largest National Park in England and Wales, and the second largest in the United Kingdom. It covers approximately 2,290 km/ 800 square miles. The landscape offers attraction like the highest mountain of England (Scaffel Pike, 978 m). There are 88 water basins throughout the District, 19 are the main lakes, the largest and most central of these is Windermere. The most important cities are located in the eastern part of the region;
The contrast of 2 cities of one million inhabitants: Oakland and Vienna
INTRODUCTION Subject: The contrast of 2 cities of one million inhabitants: Oakland and Vienna. So the 3 aspects that the subject is asking to present are: -How did the cities grow over the last 25 years? -Why have they grown? And, -The problems these growths have created. I added at my own initiative another aspect which is: -Solutions for a better future. HOW DID VIENNA AND OAKLAND GROW So, how did Oakland and Vienna grow during the past 25 year is our first question. I'll be comparing the difference in growth of these 2 cities. The Second World War left great impacts on Vienna. More than 20% of the housing stock was partly or completely destroyed, almost 89'000 flats became inhabitant. In the urban area, more than 3'000 bombs destroyed almost all the city's infrastructure. The population of Vienna fell approximately by 15% and was of 1'322'000. This was caused by the emigration of more than 1000'000 Jews to the west in order to escape from the Nazi's. At the beginning the Viennese just wanted to solve the basic problems and get the city back to some degree of working order. Vienna managed very well the tasks of providing food, sheltering, rebuilding the city and repairing transportation because it was a very well organized city. I think that everybody knows that Vienna is famous for it's ancient and fascinating architecture. Well I can tell you that even
'Major innovations in agriculture have always proved to be controversial(TM) With reference to recent changes in agriculture, evaluate the validity of this statement.
'Major innovations in agriculture have always proved to be controversial' With reference to recent changes in agriculture, evaluate the validity of this statement. * Before the WW2 the farmers used hands and horses to farms, and the fields were irregular and relatively small, few chemicals were used and yields were low by today's standards. * British farmers had to compete with cheap imports of grain, meat and dairy produce from Australia, New Zealand * The war, and particularly the sinking of so many merchant ships by German U-boats, brought about the realization that Britain had to produce more of its own food and become less reliant on imports. * Post-war periods witnessed by increasing application of science and technology farming to maximize yields and to increase profitability. * Sudden increase in production lead to production of 'butter mountains,' 'wine lakes' which led to down scaling production. * In China now meat consumption is rising by 10% per year. * Consumption of animal protein is about one-quarter of that in the developed world, and demand seems set to continue rising. * Biotechnologists, on the other hand, are confident that new technologies will be able to produce enough food for 10 billion people. Modern methods. * Crop rotation are used on smaller farms. But today many crops are grown on a large scale in a system of monoculture, this means
Global Warming, the problem, the potential impacts and alternatives to fossil fuels.
Category 1 - Knowledge (10 points) . Explain the term global warming. Global Warming is a process of when the earth heats up and raises temperatures all over the world. Global Warming has many consequences that come with the issue. The definition of global warming is the raise in average temperatures which has happened throughout history. Scientists suggest that we have caused the problem and that we need to fix it so that it temperatures rise enough to affect our food chain. The current temperatures are already killing plants and animals and rising sea levels all over the world. Global warming has been a natural process throughout history but now it is said to be caused by excessive use of fossil fuels and deforestation. The image shows how the infrared radiation penetrating through to the earth there fore heating it up, some is blocked by clouds. The radiation is bouncing back into space and hitting the greenhouse gases therefore trapping the heat and making the earth warmer. 7. What will cause sea levels to rise? As world temperatures rise so do the sea levels, rising sea levels can cause a great deal of problems. Global warming is a major factor in sea levels increasing; this is because of the melting of polar ice caps. The polar ice caps contain 2.4% of the world's surface water; if this all melts the consequences are tremendous. The consequences of the polar ice
India has been declared a secular state by its written constitution and it is every Indians duty to stand by and believe in this declaration. And yet recent political and social events have questioned this declaration. Is India a secular country only on p
Secularism in India "I do not expect India of my dreams to develop one religion, i.e., to be wholly Hindu or wholly Christian or wholly Mussalman, but I want it to be wholly tolerant, with its religions working side by side with one another.'' So said Mahatma Gandhi. India has been declared a secular state by its written constitution and it is every Indians duty to stand by and believe in this declaration. And yet recent political and social events have questioned this declaration. Is India a secular country only on paper or does secularism actually exist in India; or is in the form of pseudo- secularism, a term the BJP and its allies seem to repeatedly harp on. During the freedom struggle, secularism was emerging as the most dominant principle. The leaders of the Indian National Congress; Gandhi, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Nehru and others were deeply committed to the ideal of secularism, though each expressed it in very different manners. Secularism became the mantra of the Indian nation, a nation exhausted by partition and sectarian riots and above all the assassination of Gandhiji, did not want any more divisive talk. The founding fathers represented the aspirations of the different sections of society and it is due to the struggles of these different people that secular principles got enshrined into the Indian constitution. Under Jawaharlal Nehru and later under
global warming
Investigation Introduction: This project is to try to convince people to save our planet by explaining the main problem of global warming and how they can help to save our planet. I think that all the population over the world is involved because of industrialization and the way of life we have today. What I will like to do is to aware people about this problem and to help them understand that if we don't do something for it , in the future ours lives will be in danger! Investigation: What is Global warming? Global warming is the increase of average world temperatures as a result of what is known as the greenhouse effect. Certain gases in the atmosphere act like glass in a greenhouse, allowing sunlight through to heat the earth surface but trapping the heat as it radiates back into space. As the green house gases built up in the atmosphere the earth get hotter. 1 What is the green house effect? The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the Earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere (water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane, for example) trap energy from the sun. Without these gases, heat would escape back into space and Earth's average temperature would be about 60ºF colder. Because of how they warm our world, these gases are referred to as greenhouse gases. The Earth's atmosphere is all around us. It is the air that we
