How far do Trotsky(TM)s own misjudgments account for his failure in the power struggle which followed Lenin(TM)s death?
"How far do Trotsky's own misjudgments account for his failure in the power struggle which followed Lenin's death?" Following Lenin's death in 1924, a power vacuum appeared for the leadership of the Communist Party in Russia. A collective leadership was proclaimed, however competition for individual authority between Trotsky, Stalin, Kamenev, Zinoviev, Bukharin, Rykov and Tomsky led to a fierce struggle for power, ending in Stalin's triumph and the beginning of his tenure as the leader of the Communist Party. The strongest contenders in the power struggle were Stalin and Trotsky, however a number of unfortunate decisions and lack of support on Trotsky's part, coupled with Stalin's tactics and power base, led to Trotsky's defeat and exile. It was the latter of the two factors that contributed more to Trotsky's ultimate failure, due to the fact that Stalin's initial position was stronger, and his opportunism allowed him to take advantage of Trotsky's misjudgments, thereby allowing him to take power. However, it is worth noting that the term 'misjudgments' is relative to the historian, since a number of Trotsky's unsuccessful decisions were deliberately made to avoid certain outcomes, therefore cannot accurately be termed 'misjudgments'. Trotsky, although he had a limited power base made up of mostly radicals and students, was in a position of adequate leverage immediately
Pro-Natalist China's population policy
Introduction: China has the largest world population, and with most of its cities densely populated. It has a policy which is most recognizable globally, as it is the most rigid compared to any other countries, this policy admits only one child per couple, and due to this fact it is named as "One Child Policy." s Background information on the Population: What was the problem? Due to the high fertility rate, numerous disasters such as pressure on resources (water, food, medical care, and housing) and a virus such as SARS will not spread as fast if the population in China declines. Causes of High Fertility rate: Before 1949, before the communists came into power, china was at stage 1 of demographic transition model, and had between 5-8 children per family. By the time, birth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate were all relatively high, and with a low life expectancy. This shows that the population was increasing at an extremely slow rate. Consequently, large families were encouraged, as the government followed a pro-natalistic population policy. 0 years later in 1960, there was a dramatic increase in population with approximately 100 million people more; this determined a change in demographic transition model from first to second stage. In addition, as a result, there were improvements made in some medical services. Due to the death of Mao in 1976, the government
Symbols employed in "The American Beauty" and their effects
Implications of the Roses in "American Beauty" The rose has long been used as an archetype in literature and films. This flower is the manifestation of absolute beauty for artist in different genres and cultures but also symbolizes love and romance presented in the most primitive way of human nature. In the film "American Beauty", the symbol of rose is weaved in throughout the movie and is used not only to manifest the aspects of beauty but also reveals each unique character and their role in society. The rose is first seen in the beginning of the film with the accompaniment of Lester's narration about his life and family relations. Alan Ball employs the roses in the beginning scene as a symbol for power and success which she tries to pursuit in her career and family. We see Carolyn taking care of the roses in the garden and with the absence of Lester while she is socializing with the neighbors; the audience realizes that she is the dominant figure in the family. The fact that the neighbor is praising the beauty of the roses indicates that Carolyn is the iconic figure in the Burnham family and that she is recognized as an important and successful person in society. The success Carolyn has in her life, portrayed by the beauty of the roses, further highlights Lester's lack of masculinity in both society and family, establishing the two contrasting characters right at the
Comparison of emma and charls in madame bovary
Madame Bovary Similarities and differences of Emma and Charles In the first part of the novel, Madame Bovary, written by Gustave Flaubert, there are two main characters introduced to us; Emma Rouault and Charles Bovary. These two characters marry and become the "Bovary's". They both have interesting characteristics that lead to being opposing characters. In part one, we come across several descriptions of appearance, personality, education, background, and attitudes; that help us analyze these. The novel starts off with an introduction of what type of person Charles was during his childhood at school and what his classmates thought of him. Since a very young age, Charles had always been a very educated and respectful person towards others but always showed to be very insecure. He was described as "[...] country lad [...] taller than any of us (pg15)". Therefore you can see that his class mates didn't really accept him because he was different as for his physical appearance, character and style of dressing. The narrator talks to the reader as a school mate which sat in his class and observed him very carefully, he is also described as a forgettable child which shows that his presence didn't remain in people's minds. During his school years, Charles tried his best to attain the best results he could as he had never received a primary education- They "[...] postponed sending
Aujourdhui, je vais vous prsenter une analyse dun tableau peint par Ren Magritte qui est appelle Le Fils de lHomme .
Le Fils d'Homme Aujourd'hui, je vais vous présenter une analyse d'un tableau peint par René Magritte qui est appelle " Le Fils de l'Homme ". Premièrement, je vais parler un peu de l'histoire de Magritte et après cela, je vais vous donner mon interprétation sur cette peinture. René Gislain Magritte est né le 21 novembre 1898 en Belgique dans une famille modeste. Il était un impressionniste au début de sa carrière avant d'arriver à son style caractéristique du surréalisme, après plusieurs années d'études. Magritte s'approcha de son art de rendre les gens s'interroger sur la réalité qui établit autour d'eux, et non pas simplement accepter les choses comme elles semblent être. Le fils de l'homme est l'une des plus célèbres peintures de Magritte, en plus de la bien connue "La Trahison des Images". Dans ce tableau, il y a un homme dans un costume debout sur ce qui semble être un pont avec une pomme verte couvrant son visage. À première vue, cette peinture semble un peu bizarre à cause de la pomme en face du visage de l'homme. Par conséquent, le sens de cette peinture est difficile à déchiffrer. Il y a de nombreuses interprétations de la signification derrière cette peinture, mais aujourd'hui, je vais seulement parler de l'un. Travers cette peinture, il semble que Magritte a essayé d'incarner le thème du péché des hommes. La pomme verte, qui
The Stark effects of being absurd in society- The Outsider
The Stark effects of being absurd in society- The Outsider A long time ago, I summed up 'The Outsider in a sentence which I realise is extremely paradoxical: 'In our society any man who doesn't cry at his mother's funeral is liable to be condemned to death.' Albert Camus 8th January 1955 The novel 'The Outsider' establishes a being that is a 'Nomad' or existential in a sense of the society he lives in and the wandering on the cliff beside the sea of introversion and poignancy. Meursault is commonly misunderstood and is regarded as a reject. Furthermore he refuses to lie. A lie is a statement made by someone, in the expectation that the hearers may believe it. 'In the case of the human heart saying more than one feels,' Meursault conforms to the existential presuppositions; this is regarding reality as the state of being, the truth, often unheard of in politics and society. Consequently society feels threatened, by Meursault's refusal to satisfy the feelings of others by showing little remorse for his mother's death. His indifference leads him to be condemned by a trial. In the early stages of the book Meursault is seen as an adverse individual towards society, one who speaks his consciousness. Camus creates a paradoxical character against the normality of society, which brings out stark differences through the use of Meursault's ability to state facts. This narrative effect
Impact of Polish migration to the UK
IMPACTS OF POLISH MIGRATION TO UK Migration has economic, social and political effects on both countries involved, i.e. the home and the host country. Some of these effects are symmetric in the sense that the positive effects for one country are mirrored one-to-one by negative effects on the other. Other impacts of emigration may be beneficial for both countries. It is difficult to find a specific feature of migration that has a negative impact at the same time on both countries, as in this case it would probably did not happen. It is difficult to give accurate figures about the total Polish-origin community in UK. It is estimated that currently it is composed of circa one million, including both those who are settled permanently and those who migrate only a temporary basis. But only around half a million are officially residents registered. Due mainly to personal and family reasons, the majority of the migrants are on a temporary basis. There may be also a difficult distinction between temporary and permanent migration, in general: is a polish emigrant to UK who intends to work in UK until his retirement age, permanent or temporary emigrant? The Polish migration to UK has its origins in the First and Second World War and the disastrous, bloody invasions suffered by Poland from Germany and the Soviet Union, respectively during the XX Century. Reflecting the importance of
Osmosis Internal Assessment (Biology)
BIOLOGY INTERNAL ASSESSMENT STANDARD LEVEL OSMOSIS OSMOSIS IN POTATO STRIPS i. Aim To investigate the change in the mass of potato strips as a result of the process of osmosis in potato strips over varying periods of time. ii. Research Question How does time affect the mass of potato strips (measured in grams) when immersed in distilled water (H20) over a period of five hours at one hour intervals: 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, and 5 hours? iii. Introduction Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration (lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration), across a partially permeable membrane.1 The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, and it controls the movement of substances in and out of cells, but water is able to move freely in and out of the cell, allowing osmosis to occur.2 Potato cells have selectively permeable membranes and therefore can be used to show the process of osmosis. As plant cells generally have a higher solute concentration than their surroundings (lower water concentration), when immersed in H20, the potato strips will be surrounded by a region of high water concentration since water has a solute concentration of 0.3 This would mean that the distilled water is hypotonic whereby it has a higher concentration of water than the potato cells,
Macbeth Critical Response Essay
Macbeth Critical Analytical Response If Hollywood ever dared to take a second attempt at making Macbeth into a movie, it would probably have to be rated 18A. Aside from the violence, and other mature content the amount of blood present in the play would be enough to deter any viewers under 18 years of age. However, just as violence is necessary in every action movie, blood plays an essential part in Macbeth. In his play Shakespeare uses blood as a symbol for guilt. Using this symbolism in combination with the behaviour and actions of his two main characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth; Shakespeare is able to clearly communicate his theme that one's ambition in combination with certain circumstances may compel one to respond with acts of evil, and as a result these people may be consumed and destroyed by their resulting guilt. At the beginning of the play Macbeth is introduced as brave, honourable and loyal, a great general who fought loyally to defend his king. When the sergeant introduces him for the first time, he is referred to as "brave Macbeth" the sergeant goes on to praise "well he deserves that name". In the first few scenes ambitious Macbeth is praised to the point where it seems he can do no evil. It is not until Macbeth is confronted by a special set of circumstances presented to him by the Witches does he begin to have dark desires and evil intentions. "All hail,
Pro-natalist Australia
Pro-natalist, Australia Background Information Australia is considered the most sparely populated continent in terms of the population density, 2.6 persons per km2. Like most of the developed countries are having problems with the issues of population, Australia is not exceptional. In fact, there has been the substantial fall in fertility rates since 1960s. Australia's total fertility rate has declined from 3.5 in 1961 to 1.73 in 2001, and in 2007 was 1.93 babies per woman with two child families the most common type. Also, there are concerns of the ageing of the Australian population, implying that there are fewer babies being born compared with a number of elderly population increased by life expectancy. Australia's population is ageing and the evidence for this demographic change is undeniable. The result of falling fertility, increasing life expectancy and the effect of the baby boomer generation moving through older age groups, has contributed to an increase in the number and proportion of people aged over 65 years. These trends are anticipated to continue and numbers of people aged over 65 years and proportions of people over 85 years are growing while proportion of the population aged between 15 and 64 years (labor force age) are falling. The main cause of the falling fertility rates is the increased empowerment of women. In Australia, greater numbers of females
