Increase in leisure time for many individuals.
Increase in leisure time for many individuals Time available for leisure activities Time is essential element for all forms of leisure and recreational activities. The leisure and recreation industry under took a growth burst in the 1960s from this an expansion in the amount of free time people have for leisure has grown. People cant quite work out how the amount of free time has raised so much. This table shows the time people have for leisure between 1971-1996. % Change over period 971-81 981-91 991-6 971-96 Leisure Time Total leisure hours in the UK +6 +2 +2 +10 Leisure hours, average per person +5 nil nil +5 This table shows that over a 25-year period to 1996, the total leisure time in the UK has only risen by 10 percent. The leisure time per person has grown at an average rate of just 0.2 percent a year since 1971, regardless of the huge increases of consumer spending on leisure. The amount of leisure time available to the majority of people in the UK increased steadily up to the early 1970s, but has levelled of since then. The main reasons why leisure time increased up to the 1970s were increasing amounts of annual holiday entitlement, and a gradual reduction in the weekly working hours for most of full time workers. Since the 1970s other factors have had a greater influence on the availability of time, such as: * Flexible work patterns * The use of
The problems of Glasgow's inner city
The problems of Glasgow's inner city and what has been done to try and solve the problems Glasgow is located in the south of Scotland; it is the largest city in Scotland with a population of 630,000. There have been many changes in industry and city planning throughout its history. Glasgow was founded in the 19th century. It was a good settlement sit because it was located near the River Clyde which was essential for trade and fishing. Nearby coalfields made the city successful. One fifth of all the ships in the world were built in Glasgow. It was said that Glasgow "provided the world with ships". Glasgow's main products included coal, iron and steel. The city was very successful and made lots of money. Most of the money was spent putting up lots of new buildings. Everything changed towards the 20th century mainly because of the two world wars. The city's industry stopped producing so much money and there was a high number of unemployment. There were no work for years. The city was a disaster, large areas of housing in the city were among the worst in Britain. The quality of employment declined. Skilled steel workers are out of job and working on the River Clyde was hard work which never paid enough. People were living in slum conditions. The old Victorian houses were wearing out and were beyond repair. Tenements became the most popular type of building in Glasgow.
Analyse the economic, environmental, social and demographic impacts of migration at both the origin and destination of migrants.
Analyse the economic, environmental, social and demographic impacts of migration at both the origin and destination of migrants. Migration is a movement and refers to a permanent change of home. It can also be used with different scales to include temporary changes involving seasonal and daily movements both between countries and within a country. Migration will affect the distribution of people over a given area as well as the total population of a region and the population structure of a country or city. The changes caused by migration are also directly related to the causes of migration itself. For example, forced migration can be caused by religious or political reasons. When people leave because of this, there is likely to be less resistance in the area and so the views or actions, which forced citizens away, are likely to escalate. Other forced issues include overpopulation as found in China, famine suffered by Ethiopians in the Sudan, and environmental factors for example Chernobyl in the Ukraine. At the origin of migration, the effects will be mixed depending on the influences. On a national scale, migration can be both beneficial and disadvantageous. In the UK, internal migration is commonly due to several factors, including retirement where people who have served all their working days in urban surroundings and move to the quiet of rural areas, often on the coast,
Central Business District (Cbd) Investigation
Introduction: The inner city is the zone between the central business district (CBD) and the suburban housing areas. In British cities the inner city grew during the industrial revolution. Factories were built on the edge of the historic towns, now the CBD. Many people view inner city areas as rather dull and depressing as they tend to be overcrowded and polluted. Unfortunately even though the problems of inner city areas are apparent the local councils and business and invested a greater proportion of money in CBD rather then inner cities, which has lead to an escalating problems. The Diagram illustrates the burgess conurbation model, which highlights the various areas of a conurbation settlement: The burgess model of urban land consists of five concentric circles arranged around a CBD inner core. All conurbation models initiates with the central business district (CBD), which forms the heart of a settlement. Large businesses exist here since they are the only ones able to afford the high land values and rents. The inner city is the 2nd zone in the burgess model. This zone represents old industry established at the birth of the city. The third zone is known as the "Low-class residential" which is located in the inner city close to the old industries. This was because the poor who worked in these industries had to be local. The medium class residential represents
Evaluate the potential impact on individuals, communities and cultures of the changing retail structure of clone towns.
Evaluate the potential impact on individuals, communities and cultures of the changing retail structure of clone towns. Recently, the large number of chain stores around the UK has led to the creation of many “clone towns”: towns similar in appearance and atmosphere with the same shops as the rest of the country filling their high street. Naturally this shift in environments as places begin to lose their individuality and heritage affects everybody and has a great impact on individuals, communities and cultures. One benefit of these “clone towns” is that the increase in supermarket chains leads to consumers being able to choose from a wider selection of goods as they tend to stock more products than smaller, local shops which cannot afford to buy very large quantities of things. The fact that the supermarkets buy in bulk also means products are cheaper as they benefit from economies of scale. It is easy to say that one should support local, individual retailers, however if they cannot price competitively and offer all of the goods we need it’s natural for people to go to larger chain stores which meet their needs. Communities also benefit from increased employment opportunities provided by larger retail outlets which can afford to hire larger volumes of staff and provide additional employee benefits. For example, a large supermarket like Morrisons can afford to
The impact of human activities on the environment
The impact of human activities on the environment Everything that humans do has some impact on the environment. Pollution is a result of human activities in the environment. The main sources of pollution are farming, water pollution and air pollution. Farming is having an increased impact on the environment. This is because there is increased pressure on farmers to produce a single crop and to concentrate on one form of animal husbandry, such as, dairy cattle or pig breeding. This is more economical because better use can be made of equipment and organizations such as supermarkets have fewer farmers to negotiate purchases with. Also transport is much easier so produce can be easily moved to more distant markets. Monocultures are produced from this, which are large areas of the same crop grown on the same land year after year. To improve efficiency hedges have been removed and this has reduced the amount of habitat available for wildlife. It has also increased soil erosion. The removal of hedges increases the area of land available for crops, destroys the habitat of predators and keeps the number of pests down. Monocultures are susceptible to pests and large amounts of pesticide have to be used. Farm animals can produce large quantities of organic effluent. When this organic effluent gets into aquatic ecosystems it can cause a rapid growth of algae and plants, which leads to
The Demographic Transition Model.
The Demographic Transition Model Q: A summary of the Demographic Transition Model and show its disadvantages and Advantages The demographic transition model shows the relationship between Births,Deaths and population increase or decrease over a period of time in a single diagram.The graph shows different situations in through out the world due to differences in technological and medical advancement. The first stage of the model is typical of least economically developed countries,charecterised by high birth and death rates resulting in minimal population growth.High death rates are due to famine which is widespread in Africa and most Middle East countries.War contributes to the hunger and starvation the population as people are flee the cities and farms to hide in the mountains where food supplies cannot reach them and there is poor hygiene facilities,no clean water and limited medical infrastructure.The diet is minimal and thus an outbreak of malnutrition wipes out infants at young age and the poor living conditions would result in diseases such as cholera and kwashiorkor which take their toll on the population .Deaths are high among children and most would die at birth.Poor contraception methods result in many though fatal births due to sexually transmitted diseases such as Aids, Herpes, Gonorrhea etc Many children die in infancy and people tend to produce more
