The Impact of Stalins Leadership in the USSR, 1924 1941. Extensive notes
The Impact of Stalin’s Leadership in the USSR, 1924 – 1941 AQA HIS2L Stalin’s personal rule The sources of Stalin’s strengths: Stalin’s rise to power did not begin with Lenin’s death. His positions within the party had already given him significant influence. . As General Secretary, Stalin ran the party machine, meaning he occupied probably the most important position in the USSR and he could decide promotions to party positions (Lenin enrolment) 2. As a member of the Politburo, Stalin was one of the small group of leading communists who met regularly to make policy. These were the decision makers of the USSR. 3. As a member of the Secretariat and Orgburo, Stalin was also responsible for carrying out policy decisions and monitoring the members of the party. 4. Between 1917 and 1923, Stalin was Commissar for Nationalities. He supervised party officials in non-Russian republics like the Ukraine. 5. As head of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate, Stalin supervised the work of all government departments. In theory, the Bolshevik party ran the whole country. The struggle for power after Lenin’s death was partly about policy, and partly about personalities. Stalin won the personal and policy battle. The policies he introduced or associated with his name were more in keeping with soviet needs at the time. Stalin’s strengths in the power
Armed forces.
Armed forces This section provides information on the soldiers, sailors and airman who gained, maintained and then lost an empire. It must be remembered that the vast majority of the empire's military manpower was recruited from outside the mother country. It is interesting to note that some of the fiercest resistors to the British went on to become the staunchest allies and defenders of her empire; Highlanders, Sikhs and Gurkhas are perhaps the best examples of this phenomena. The military history of the empire is rich in colour and variety but is also inevitably linked to the darker and more sinister side of the empire through conquest, pacification and destruction. The tentacles of the military spread throughout the empire and beyond, the armed forces were not only the conquerors and defenders of the empire but also provided the garrisons that policed the vast expanses of territory and enabled communication over the vast distances involved. The military was very much the most important institution of the empire. Land forces Infantry The years around 1783 were tumultuous ones for the army and things were about to become even more difficult in the near future. The Army was coming to the end of its actions in the 13 colonies. Political and military defeat hung heavily over Britain at the time. The army had borne the brunt of the unsuccessful campaign and so were
Stalins Russia, 1924-53 revision guide
Unit 1D4: Stalin's Russia, 1924-53 A: The Struggle for Power * Lenin was very ill for many months before his death in January 1924. During this time the Party elite continued running the country. There was no mechanism for replacing Lenin. * Stalin was given responsibility for supervising Lenin's treatment by the Central Committee. No one visited Lenin as much as Stalin. However, Stalin offended Lenin by being rude to his wife. * Lenin and Stalin also disagreed about foreign trade, which Lenin wanted to keep in the hands of the government, but Stalin wanted to relax. Lenin also disagreed with Stalin's treatment of the independence movement in Georgia, which had been suppressed. * Lenin died January 1924. The Politburo - Rykov, Tomsky, Kamenev, Zinoviev, Trotsky and Stalin announced their intention of ruling as a collective leadership. * Stalin put Trotsky at a disadvantage by appearing at Lenin's funeral as chief mourner and delivering the oration. Trotsky later claimed that Stalin had given him the wrong date, so he did not attend the funeral. * This was the beginning of Stalin's successful promotion of the 'cult of Lenin' and 'Leninism'. Stalin successfully associated himself with the authority and philosophy of Lenin. He portrayed himself as Lenin's disciple. * May 1924 Thirteenth Party Congress. The content of Lenin's Political Testament was revealed secretly to
Warner Bros.' GoodFellas (1990) is director Martin Scorsese's stylistic masterpiece - a follow-up film to his own Mean Streets (1973), released in the year of Francis Ford Coppola's third installment of his gangster epic - The Godfather, Part III (1990).
Coursework Essay Goodfellas Warner Bros.' GoodFellas (1990) is director Martin Scorsese's stylistic masterpiece - a follow-up film to his own Mean Streets (1973), released in the year of Francis Ford Coppola's third installment of his gangster epic - The Godfather, Part III (1990). It is a nitty-gritty, unflinching treatment of a true mobster story about three violent "wiseguys," [Mafia slang for 'gangsters'] enhanced by the Italian-American director's own experience of his upbringing in Little Italy. The film's factual, semi-documentary account was adapted from both Nicholas Pileggi's and Martin Scorsese's screenplay - based upon Pileggi's 1985 non-fictional book Wiseguy: Life in a Mafia Family. Film posters were subtitled: "Three Decades of Life in the Mafia." The real-life story concerned a low-level, marginalized gangster of mixed ethnic roots (half-Irish, half-Sicilian) - Henry Hill, who ultimately turned informant for the FBI and entered the Federal Witness Protection Program to save his life by disappearing from view. The fast-moving, energizing, episodic story, with forceful editorial cuts and visuals is told with voice-over narrative commentary by Henry Hill, including about thirty years in his life, from his teen years to maturity as an adult gangster. The additional voice-over of his wife's point-of-view provides even further insight into the all-encompassing
The changing position of women and the suffrage question. Revision notes
Women’s personal Lives 1860-1891 Custody of Children Act 1839 * Caroline Norton, wife of Tory MP George Norton * Wrote a pamphlet - ‘The Natural Claim of a Mother to the Custody of her Children as Affected by the Common Law Rights of the Father’ when George Norton lost his case against Melbourne and she realised that she had ‘lost her children’ * In the pamphlet Caroline Norton argued the unfairness of a system which dictated that a father had absolute rights in law, no matter what his behaviour, and a mother had no rights at all. * Beginning in 1838 she started a campaign to change the law, convincing MP for Reading, Sir Thomas Talfourd to support her cause, and he introduced a bill into Parliament that would allow custody of children to a mother whom adultery had not been proved against. The bill was passed by the HoC but rejected by the HoL. * In response Norton wrote another pamphlet which was sent to every MP. * In 1839 Taulford reintroduced the previous bill and on this occasion it passed both Houses of Parliament. * The Custody of Children Act of 1839 gave women the right to custody of their children under seven, but only if the Lord Chancellor agreed to it and if the mother was of good character. Matrimonial Causes Act 1857 * Campaigned for by Caroline Norton, although she did not act alone in her campaigns. She received a great deal of
Resistance to slavery.
TABLE OF CONTENTS . Acknowledgement ----- 2 2. Introduction ----- 3-4 3. Early Protest (a) Active Resistance ----- 5 (b) Passive resistance ----- 5 (c) Revolts ----- 6-8 4. The Haitian Revolution (a) French Revolution ----- 9 (b) Class Divisions in St Dominique ----- 9-10 (c) The Planters Revolt ----- 11 (d) The Couloured Revolt ----- 11 (e) The Black Revolt ----- 12-13 (f) Toussaint L'Ouverture ----- 14-15 (g) Jean-Jacques Dessalines ----- 15 5. The British Organised Campaign (a) Abolishing The Slave Trade ----- 16-17 (b) The Abolitionist Movement ----- 18-19 (c) The Anti-Slavery Society ----- 20-21 6. Outstanding Personalities in the British Campaign (a) Thomas Clarkson ----- 22-23 (b) William Wilberforce ----- 24 (c) Granville Sharp ----- 25 (d) John Wesley ----- 26-28 (e) Thomas Buxton ----- 29 7. The French Organised Campaign ----- 30 8. Differences Between the British and French Movement ----- 31 9. Caribbean Reaction (a) Planters Reaction ----- 32 (b) Slave reaction ----- 32-33 0. Bibliography ----- 34-35 Acknowledgement I would like to extend my gratitude to the following individuals who have assisted me with support and information throughout this study. I would like to thank God the creator for health and strength, especially during the duration of my
Reasons for Napoleon's Success (to 1807).
Reasons for Napoleon's Success(to 1807) a) Napoleon's Strength - The Military Aspect i) Napoleon's Qualities of Leadership ii) The Changing Nature of War iii) The Development of the Grand Armee iv) The Development of Winning Tactics v) Weapons Training in the Grande Armee vi) Napoleon's Strategic Planning vii) Napoleon's Generalship b) Napoleon's Strength - the Civil Aspect c) The Enemies' Weakness - Allied Disunity i) The Second Coalition 1799 ii) The Third Coalition 1805 a) Napoleon's Strength - The Military Aspect i) Napoleon's Qualities of Leadership * One of Napoleon's great strengths as leader was the devotion of his men. His soldiers adored him. * Despite his generally unprepossessing appearance, when he wished to charm he could quickly win over anyone he met, however initially hostile they might be. Within a couple of days he had completely captivated the officers and crew of Bellerophon taking him to St. Helena in 1815, much alarming the British government. * One Admiral at that time exclaimed, "If he had an obtained an interview with His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, in half an hour they would have been the best friends in England!" * His contemporaries had no doubt about the charismatic quality of leadership. His great adversary Wellington said to him that the moral effect of his presence in the field and worth an additional force of 40,000
Lenin and the Bolshevik revolution.
LENIN AND THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION Could the Bolshevik Revolution have taken place without the participation of the founder and perpetual leader of the Bolsheviks? Really, the question seems too silly to ask. Lenin's fingerprints are all over the October insurrection. However, it is not logically inconceivable that a popular uprising could have taken place against the Provisional Government without the aid of Lenin or his party. It will be contended in this chapter that such an uprising was, if not inevitable, then certainly very probable. This will be shown through the use of the model developed in chapter one. The analysis presented in this chapter will proceed through two steps, corresponding to the two questions raised by the model. First it will be shown that there was a strong popular demand for many of the policies which the Bolsheviks were to incorporate into their programme. Some of the groups making these demands (especially the soldiers and sailors) were armed, and were concentrated in the vicinity of Petrograd and, to a smaller degree, Moscow. These groups were, therefore, both ideally situated to launch a coup d'etat in order to achieve their goals, and entirely willing to do so. They lacked only a "vanguard" to coordinate their efforts. According to the model developed in Chapter One, these groups could be expected to search out, support, and in a sense
Superpower Relations 1945-90
A6. Superpower Relations 1945-90 Why were the USA and USSR called 'Superpowers'? * The USA and USSR dominated world affairs from the 1940s onwards, and had a very strong influence over other countries. * They possessed the economic power and technology to compete with each other in a nuclear arms race. * Their power was based on an ideology: a fixed set of ideas about how society should be organised. USSR - Communism. USA - Capitalism. What are the main differences between Communism and Capitalism? Capitalism Communism Government Democracy. Free elections. Many political parties. One party rule. No choice at elections. Human Rights Few limits on basic human freedoms: religion, speech, travel etc. Strict limits on many human rights. Persecution / imprisonment for dissidents Economy Free-market: i.e. most farms, businesses, shops, etc privately owned. Socialist economy: state controls everything. Profits for public use (in theory). Living Standards Average living standards higher, but wide gap between rich and poor. Lower average living standards. More even distribution. Party members had privileges. 'Atomgrad' workers paid highly. Cultural Media and entertainment owned by private companies. Censorship rare, other than for public morality. State control of media & sport. Entertainment heavily censored for political conformity. Why did the superpowers
Total War, Britain during the Second World War
Total War, Britain during the Second World War Part 1: The outbreak of war When war broke out on 3 September 1939, the mood in Britain was very serious. Nobody expected that the war was going to be 'Over by Christmas'. The British government reacted quickly. There had been a war scare in September 1938 at the time of the Munich Crisis and this provided valuable practice for the real thing. In the meantime, gas-masks had been produced for everybody in the population and air-raid shelters had been constructed. The Emergency Powers Act, which allowed the government to control public life throughout the war was passed in August 1939. On aspect of it was the introduction of Identity Cards, which had to be carried at all times. These were also used for National Registration which allowed people to be called up for the armed forces or for war work. Fears of bombing It was widely believed that British towns and cities would be bombed immediately after war was declared and that hundreds of thousands of people would be killed or wounded. In 1937 the Air Ministry had estimated that on the first day of a war with Germany, 3,500 tonnes of bombs would be dropped on Britain and that a further 700 tonnes would be dropped on every day after that. Deaths were estimated at fifty people for every tonne of bombs. 1,250,000 cardboard coffins were produced and plans were made for mass burials.
