Investigating the effect of 'length' on the resistance of a wire
NAME: Physics coursework Investigating the effect of length on the 7 ~PLAN~ For this investigation, I first decided to list all the factors which I think may affect the resistance of a wire and the reason for their importance. These factors are: * Material of the wire - If the wire is a conductor, more electric current will flow therefore the resistance would decrease, copper is an example of a good conductor. Insulators do not allow the flow of electric current which means the resistance will be at its peak. * The length of the wire - The longer the conductor, the further the electrons have to travel, the more likely they are to have collisions with metal ions and so the greater the resistance. * The temperature of the wire & surroundings - As the temperature increases the metal ions vibrate more (kinetic theory) leading to more frequent collisions with the electrons and therefore provide greater resistance to the flow of electrons. From the factors above, I chose the length of the wire to investigate. I obtained most of my information from: * "KEY SCIENCE for GCSE Physics" by Jim Breithaupt. * "Collins Total Revision GCSE Science" by Chris Sunley & Mike Smith. * "CGP GCSE Double Science Higher Physics" by Richard Parsons. * "Letts AS Physics" by Graham Booth. * Class work that I have done throughout my GCSE course. * The internet (educational websites,
The aim of my investigation is to determine the specific heat capacity of aluminium.
The Specific Heat Capacity of Aluminium Aim: The aim of my investigation is to determine the specific heat capacity of aluminium. Theory: Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of mass by 1degree Celsius.(1) In order to calculate the specific heat capacity heat capacity (c) of aluminium I can use the equation, H=mc T (2) Therefore c= H m T I can measure the mass of the aluminium, (m), and the change in temperature of the block, ( T), however the energy change, ( H), is hard to measure. Another equation I can use to calculate H is the equation E=ItV (3). I can measure the energy supply using an electrical heater and recording the current the time and the voltage. Using the first law of thermodynamics or conservation of energy (E=(H. Therefore ItV=mc(T. Using this knowledge I can design the basic circuit required to record the necessary measurements. The aluminium block has two holes one containing a heat filament and one containing a thermometer. In order to try and measure the energy from the heating filament entering the block I need to prevent as much heat being lost into the environment as possible. Heat can escape in three ways, by convection, conduction and radiation. 'Convection involves the bulk motion of a fluid (liquid or gas) and is usually caused by hot fluid
Prove or conversely disprove the inverse square law.
Introduction My aim of this experiment is to prove or conversely disprove the inverse square law, which simply states that the intensity of any point source, which spreads its influence equally in all directions without a limit to its range, will decrease in intensity inversely proportional to the square of the distance. Background information Research As first proposed by Isaac Newton when proposing his universal law of gravitation it became clear to him that the intensity of gravity would decrease according to the inverse of the square of the distance. This is the heart of the inverse square, which states for any point source, which spreads its influence equally in all directions without a limit to its range, will obey the inverse square law. Quite simply the inverse square law states that for sources emitted from a point the intensity will be deduced as the inverse of the square of the distance. You double the distance you reduce the intensity by a factor of 1/4. This has applications in electric fields, light, sound, gamma radiation, and gravity. All of these are expressed in the medium of a field. To explain the properties involved in a field it is useful to use the idea of flux. When water flows form a 'source' to a sink it is transferred at a certain rate, or flux. The flux density will be the mass of water per second crossing a unit area
Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging In 1944, Isidor Isaac Rabi was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei. This method was based on measuring the spin of the protons in the atom's core, a phenomenon known as nuclear magnetic moments. From Rabi's work, Paul C. Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield were able to research into magnetic resonance imaging (also known as nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR) and were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2003. Lauterbur, a professor and director of the Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Laboratory at the University of Illinois, realised that it was to possible to create an 'internal picture' of an object by NMR and had his ideas witnessed by a colleague. These ideas were based on the use of a magnetic field gradient - a magnetic field that varies through space. Mansfield, a professor of physics at the University of Nottingham had no knowledge of Lauterbur's work and had an idea of how he might get an NMR picture of a crystal, similar to an X-ray signal crystal structure. With continual pioneering work with his colleagues, he was able to produce the first picture from a live human subject in 1976 with true anatomical detail. He continued to be a pioneer in the field, developing better imaging methods for larger body parts and also for imaging well past the sub-cellular level, all
Investigating the factors affecting tensile strength of human hair.
Investigating the factors affecting tensile strength of human hair Planning: (Skill A) Hypothesis There will be a difference in tensile strength in blonde hair and black hair of similar thickness. Blonde hair will have a higher tensile strength than black hair when at similar thickness. Blonde hair has more sulphur-sulphur covalent bonds than black hair. Hair contains the protein keratin, which contains a large proportion of cysteine with S-S bonds. The disulphide bond is one of the strongest bonds known anywhere in nature. The cross-linking by disulphide linkages between the keratin chains accounts for much of the strength of hair. Blonde hair has more of these bonds therefore blonde hair will have a higher tensile strength and elasticity levels. Null Hypothesis There will be no difference in tensile strength between black hair and blonde hair of similar thickness. Blonde hair having more sulphide bridges will not mean that blonde hair has a higher tensile strength than black hair. Background Knowledge Hair has a very high tensile strength. It can hold up 60kg of weight before breaking. This high strength is due to its structure. Hair is made of the fibrous protein keratin. Figure 1 shows keratin molecules are made up of three helices. They are held together by strong covalent bonds called sulphur bonds. Eleven of these molecules group together to form a micro
Young's Modulus of Nylon
Young's Modulus Investigation AS Physics Coursework J. Lee Introduction This investigation aims to find the value of Young's Modulus for a specific material, in this case nylon fishing line. Young's Modulus (E) is a measure of a material's stiffness, determined by the formula: The standard unit of measure for Young's Modulus is the pascal (Pa). 1 pascal is the same measure as 1 Nm-2 (Nm being Newton Metre). A material always retains the same Young's Modulus value regardless of how much it is stretched or strained, and this should be revealed in this investigation by gathering a definite value of the modulus for nylon. Hypothesis Through research that I conducted before starting the investigation, I have determined that the correct Young's Modulus value of Nylon lies in the range 1-7GPa (the large range being due to different make-ups of Nylon with it being a compound). I should therefore be looking at achieving a final result within or very close to this range. Since stress is proportionate to strain in the Young's Modulus formula, and the modulus value remains the same, I would expect the value of stress and strain to proportionally increase with each other. Experiment Plan In order to carry out this investigation into the value of Young's Modulus of nylon, I will conduct an experiment to gather the values of stress and strain when increasing force is added to the
An experiment to investigate and determine how rubber behaves when tension forces are applied to it.
Physics AT1 An experiment to investigate and determine how rubber behaves when tension forces are applied to it By Jess McFarlane 11WM Aim The initial aim of my experiment is to investigate how rubber behaves when tension forces are applied to it. I also intend to figure out why this happens so that the data that I am provided with will help me to analyse what I plan to write about during this set coursework. For the actual experiment I will be using a rubber band, as this is an easier and less complex way of carrying out the investigation. Introduction When a sample of material in the form of rubber, such as in this case, is pulled so as to apply a tension force, the sample would become longer in size. And the difference between the new length of the sample and its existing length, when there was no tension applied to it, this is called the extension of the particular sample. Tension is a force that is applied to an object of material that is able to change in size, for example, these types of materials could be used, rope, springs, rods, wires and in this particular case rubber. Tension is the name given to a force, which acts through a stretched sample or object e.g. when a pulling force is applied at each end of the rope, it is said to be under tension. Extension occurs in this experiment as well. A definition of extension is when an object such as rubber is
Earthquake Simulation Program.
Earthquake Simulation Program Background What is an earthquake? The definition of an earthquake is a violent vibration of the Earth that is caused by the sudden release of energy, usually as a result of faulting, which involves the displacement of rocks along fractures. They occur when rocks have been placed under huge amounts of pressure, for example if you take the rocks in the lithosphere, if the pressure increases very slowly, they will deform slightly. However, the problem is that all solids have a limit and continuous pressure will result in the shattering or fracturing of them. This is because rocks are brittle substances and will ultimately break under pressure, without warning, hence a sudden fracture, which is otherwise known as faulting. If a rock takes a long time to deform then it will take a long time for an earthquake to occur. After an earthquake has occurred, the fault makes adjustments, which are known as aftershocks. These cause considerable damages to the buildings already weakened by the earthquake itself. Aftershocks can be persistent from a few days up to a few months after the earthquake has occurred, depending on the size of the earthquake. However, in order to understand how they occur, we need to address the plate tectonic theory. This theory suggests that the Earth be broken up into several plates, which are thick slabs of rock.
Is Helmut Newton's photography artistic or pornographic?
Amelie Küster Extended Essay October 2003 Visual Art Helmut Newton - Work Is Helmut Newton's photography artistic or pornographic? Word count: 3925 Research Question Is Helmut Newton's photography artistic or pornographic? Abstract Photography is a very interesting media to convey messages, feelings and opinions, and leaves a wide range of styles and methods how to do so. The photographer Helmut Newton developed a way to show his own imagination of reality and express his feelings, which is criticised by many people, for as some do not see the art in his work. They rather accuse it to be pornographic. By looking at the development of his work over time and the true meaning of his pictures, the legal side of publishing these pictures and the reproaches of his so called greatest enemy, the feminist Alice Schwarzer, I tried to show how the question whether Helmut Newton's work is artistic or pornographic is related to a created war between sexes, the battle between Newton and Schwarzer. Whilst there are many books about photography, I only could find a few information about Newton's work, mainly taken from his own autobiography, for as public places, such as libraries did not had any material. I guess this is because of the context of his work. Nudity does not seem to be at its right place in a public library. However, I was willing to research Newton's work in
Build a successful sensor that will measure the proximity of a light source.
INSTRUMENTATION TASK SENSING PROJECT. An instrumentation project is to be carried out for our AS coursework revolving around the key ideas covered in chapter 2- Sensing. Sensors have to do with systems that measure or respond to changes in their surroundings. The project is to involve one of the following tasks as a main objective; - Building and testing a sensor - Exploring the characteristics of a sensor - Designing and assembling a measurement system, and using the sensor to make a measurement. I have chosen to build and test a sensor. My aim is to build a successful sensor that will measure the proximity of a light source. I also hope to be able to improve the sensitivity of my sensor by using different forms of circuits. I have chosen this because I am confident of the resources needed being plentiful. I also believe that I will find it interesting and challenging, while still feeling that I am able to do it independently. INTRODUCTION I intend to commence by building, a light sensor, to determine how light intensity changes at varying distances, e.g. every 10mm. The light sensor will enable me to ascertain the changing light intensity. It will consist of a basic potentiometer circuit. The voltage change across the sensor will be measured and recorded as the light intensity changes. Three circuits of the same form will be used, and then an average recorded,
