Edexcel Cold War 1943-1991 Revision (Detailed)
The origins of the Cold War During 1939-45 the alliance of the three superpowers (USA, Britain and SU) was due to necessity. Once Germany had been defeated, differences began to emerge between Stalin and the Soviet Union. This is, largely, where the capitalist vs communism shebang comes into place. The cold war is a conflict in which actual fighting takes place by ever means short of war itself. The only time the war seemed to get hot was during Korea in 1950-53 ad Vietnam (60s) Its main features, and what made it so prominent throughout the world, was: . Spying 2. Propaganda 3. Arms Race 4. Space Race 5. Loans and Aid Pre-1941 Rivalry Superpower rivalry was not new. The differences go back to the 1918-21 revolution where America defended Russia against the Bolshevik uprising. Differences intensified after 1933 when Hitler became leader of Germany. Stalin, who became leader of the Soviet Union in 1928, was very suspicious of an attack from the west and encouraged Hitler to invade. Task 1a) What message is the cartoonist trying to put across in Source B? Source B shows three fat, greedy and typically selfish old men in suits looking down at a pile of bodies. These three men, each wearing a different hat with the flag of France, America and Great Britain on them have totally no remorse and are simply smoking cigarettes. The source tells us that such people were
Conflict in Ireland
Modern World Study: Conflict in Ireland Ireland is to the west of Britain and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, Irish Sea and the Celtic Sea. Today Ireland is divided into two parts, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. In 1921 the partition treaty was signed and was originally supposed to be temporary, it was an attempt to bring peace to Ireland. Currently there are mainly Unionists (Protestants) living in Northern Ireland and in the Republic of Ireland there are mainly Nationalists (Catholics) living in Northern Ireland. The unionists want to be governed by England's parliament however; the Nationalists in Northern Ireland do not. The Nationalists in the Republic are Independent and want a untied Ireland. Easter Rising, 1916 The Easter Rising took place in April 1916;it was one of many rebellions held by Nationalists in an attempt to get independence for Ireland. However, this rebellion was much more intense and violent that those before. Several events led up to the Easter Rising, all of which had an influence on what happened. Firstly groups formed such as the Irish Republican Brotherhood (I.R.B), groups like these formed as a result of centuries of oppression by the British landlords and increasing capitalism. Pearse joined the I.R.B in 1913, he was prepared to die in a 'blood sacrifice' to win independence for Ireland. Pearse was also among those in
Stalin: Man or Monster?
Stalin: Man or Monster? History Coursework Hasan Khizar (1) Study sources A,B and C. Do these sources give similar or different impressions of Stalin? Explain your answer with references to the sources. To answer this question we have to look at all the sources and interpret what they are trying to tell us about Stalin himself. There are positive sources and also negative sources. I will now try to explain the impression that each source gives of me. If we take source A it states at the bottom that it was published in the 1930's in Paris. It illustrates three pyramids of skulls and vultures flying above them. The skulls are most likely the victims of his purges and policies. He seems to be pointing at the skulls as if he is proud of them, as some sort of achievement. The vultures flying over these pyramids seem to be there to indicate death that is what this cartoon seems to be trying to project about Stalin. It is trying to condemn the Russian leader for his ruthlessness and murderous policies and criticise the way in which he keeps control of his country solely by the use of fear. The source seems to be putting forward a sarcastic tourism theme. It uses the pyramids of Egypt to carry this out. The French writing in the illustration translates to: "Visitez L'URSS ses pyramides". The translation being "Visit the Pyramids of Russia". Overall this source seems to give a
What problems did the Weimar Republic face from 1919 to 1923, and why did it survive?
Introduction What problems did the Weimar Republic face from 1919 to 1923, and why did it survive? Intro- How was it set up, what was it? Why was it set up? How it faced problems from the very start. Weimar Germany faced many problems during 1919-1923, in order to evaluate just how the Government managed to survive one must consolidate how each problem was over come. Between 1919 and 1923 the Weimar Republic faced repeated political and economic crises. The Republican regime was blamed by enemies on the Right and the Left for the harsh peace settlement and for any problems in society and politics. After the war, Germany's economic problems were enormous. In the task of adjusting to a peacetime economy, Germany was handicapped by the loss of territories and resources under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. After 1921 this task was made greater because of the enormous reparations payments imposed by the Allies. Politically, in this period the Weimar Republic had to survive attacks from both the Left and the Right. The main parties supporting the Republic were the Social Democratic Party (SPD), the Catholic Centre Party and the Liberal Democratic Party. The new government of Germany, the Weimar Republic, was set up in 1919. From the very beginning it faced a range of problems, including several rebellions, economic problems and deep divisions between different groups
Describe how Jews were discriminated against in Germany from 1933 to 1939
. Describe how Jews were discriminated against in Germany from 1933 to 1939 Anti-Semitism - the hatred of Jews had existed in Europe for hundreds of years, since the early Christian period. This Racism, which formed a major part of the Nazi idea, was the cause of the shocking discriminations against the Jewish people. When Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany on 30th January 1933, much of the fate of the Jews had been decided. Nazi Germany under Hitler's control soon became a dictatorship and the idea of racism against Jews was forced upon ordinary German citizens. During the period between 1933 and 1939, the persecution of Jews in Germany was at its earliest stage, with little organized violence and gradual deprivation of their rights. The Nazi policy against Jews changed extensively in these years and their treatments towards the Jews became increasingly extreme. Nazi racial thinking idealized the Volksgemeinschaft (People's Community), where only the 'Master Aryan race' could belong. The Jewish race was classed into the Gemeinschaftsfremde (Community Aliens) category, with those who have mental or physical disabilities. In separating the Jews from other German citizens, the Nazis have created a perfect situation for discrimination against Jews amongst ordinary people. Between 1933 and 1934, Hitler's policy was fairly moderate, not wishing to scare off voters or
Between 1933 and 1945 Hitler and the Nazi Part were successful in their creation of a new united German Nation, or Volksgemeinshaft. Discuss the validity of this claim.
Between 1933 and 1945 Hitler and the Nazi Part were successful in their creation of a new united German Nation, or Volksgemeinshaft. Discuss the validity of this claim. Hitler realised the need to recreate German society to form an ideal Nazi community, in order to create his 1000-year Reich. His new society is more commonly known as the Volksgemeinshaft, which can be literally translated as people's community. Such society would be classless, a racially pure community, with no division where people had the same thinking, or views and they acted for the state, they all thought the same way, and Gleichschaltung was achieved. People in this community were also expected to share a common worldview and philosophy, or Welschauung, which made the Nazis hostile to outsiders or people who did not belong in the community. As a part of the drive to achieve social conformity the term Volksgenossen or the national comrades was adopted. In order to penetrate the idea of a Volksgemeinshaft, the people were expected to attend parades and speeches, which became a feature of the new public ritual. Ultimately, no regime which failed to survive even a generation could create a "social revolution" in the sense of a total transformation of society, as many of the Nazis ideals were contradictory, and the fact that no one can dictate on individuals beliefs and values. One of the most
Britain in the Age of Total War, 1939-45
Britain in the Age of Total War, 1939-45 . What can you learn from Source A about the response of the British people to the effects of the Blitz? During 1940 British civilians faced the devastating effects of the Blitz night after night. Despite the hardships and devastation that this caused, Source A tells us of the positive response the British people showed. They are said to have shown "courage and an unshakeable determination" through terror and tragedy. This tells us of the quiet determination of the civilians to overcome the problems caused by the constant bombing. It is reinforced by the fact that the source tells us "the British people showed that they did not have to be in uniform to be heroes" which tells us that the civilians facing the bombing were as brave as the soldiers fighting. It also implies that the British civilians took on jobs that were just as important as the fighting. These jobs included work in munitions factories, aeroplane and tank factories as well as keeping the country going by growing food and making clothes. Hitler had hoped that constant heavy bombing on major British cities would dampen morale. In fact, Source A suggests that the effect was quite the opposite, for even "in the most appalling circumstances [the civilians] kept their sense of humour". This suggests that the 'Blitz Spirit' was a reality of the war as people continued
Source related questions on Joseph Stalin
Humanities Coursework Stalin Balraj Singh 11BCC Does the Cartoonist Who Drew Source A Think Stalin is a Good Leader? Explain Your Answer Using Source A And Your Own Knowledge. Source A is a cartoon drawn by David Lowe and was published in the London Evening Standard on the 27th November 1930. David Lowe was a British illustrator who had no remorse for Stalin. As David Lowe lived in Britain, he was able to write negatively about Stalin and get away with it. Had he have done this cartoon in Russia, there would be no doubt that David Lowe would have been murdered. The cartoon shows Stalin standing in a prison with a gun set up to kill him if he pulls a string. The cartoon was drawn in the 1930's and in the bottom right corner says 'prophecies for the future'. Therefore, you get the idea that David Lowe has drawn what he expects to happen in the future. David Lowe has also written 'Old Low's almanac' in the bottom left corner. This adds humour, as people who viewed the cartoon would have heard of 'Old Mow's Almanac', a book released every year telling people of prophecies for the following year. 'Old Low's Almanac' is David Lowe's prophecies for the future and is also a play on words. As well as having Stalin in a prison cell with a contraption set up to kill himself, there are also two ministers dead in the corner. To add to that, there is also a group of 3 reporters,
Stalin: Man or Monster - Sources Questions
HISTORY COURSEWORK STALIN: MAN OR MONSTER ) Source A gives us the impression of Stalin being a murderer, as there are pyramids of human skulls. This could represent the huge amounts of people he had killed, through labour or work camps. I know from my own knowledge and after studying Russia under Stalin's rule that Stalin was responsible for the deaths of millions of people. Therefore this source gives us a pretty good overview of what Stalin was like. Also we can sense a satisfaction or pride that Stalin has from himself after looking at source A. This can be sensed as Stalin is pointing to all the skulls as if it was a thing to be proud of. There is also a caption in the source saying "Visitez L'U.R.S.S. ses pyramides!" Which is another thing that the author uses to show us, Stalin's pride. Source B on the other hand gives us a completely different impression of Stalin. We see him in this source as a good leader that takes interest in his workers. The people shown (who are probably lower class workers) and Stalin are happy on the picture and it gives an impression of a happy, well ruled Russia. The picture is saying that Stalin is a carrying ruler and that he takes interest in even the low class people. Source C seems to give a more similar impression to source B. It seems to show Stalin yet again as a man in a good relationship with his people; even a gentleman.
China 1945-90 - source based questions.
Bangkok Patana School IGCSE History Coursework Arisara Kohphet History coursework assignment A: China 1945-90 . Study source A. What do you think was the purpose of the newspaper in publishing the description? Use the source and your knowledge of the period to explain your answer. The newspaper in Mao's time was censored by the government before publishing to public. All of the media in China were under totalitarian state. From the extract, "Chairman Mao, our most respected and beloved great leader" It tries to promote the typical personality and to convince people how great Mao is. The descriptions of the mass rally by the red guards portray it as a huge and important event. "Young fighters" which referred to the red Guards make the people see them as an energetic campaign, which promotes communism. "All nationalities love you strongly" refers to the people of all ethnic groups of China. This shows that the country is united and strong. "You should go to the masses and be one with them and carry on the great proletarian Cultural Revolution even better" this massage meant to be a warning to persuade people to join the Red Guards. People are convinced by these ideas of Mao thorough propaganda. 2. Study source B What impression is the artist trying to give of the Cultural Revolution? Explain your answer. Artists during Mao's times were expected to promote
