The aim of this experiment was to formulate and manufactured Aspirin 75mg tablets in direct compressions.
spacer 11 13 *1*2*3*3*3*3*4*5*5*5*5*6*7 False True 0000 2819 Introduction Marking Summary Activity Title 5004Tableting Report Groups 1 6 Direct Compression Module 5004DFACAP Submission date Monday, 26 March 2012 20:40:45 o'clock BST Marker Dr Imran Saleem Secondary comment colour codes: Author Notes You Can only be added if the My Feedback button has been activated.[a] Second marker Will only be included if second marking has occurred.[b] Marker's comment colour codes: Rating Meaning Default Not rated.[c] Poor Areas where I did not do well.[d] Satisfactory Areas where there is scope for some improvement.[e] Good Areas where I did well.[f] ________________ Liverpool John Moores University School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences 5004DFACAP PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION Mona Ibrahim Tablets Formulation, Manufacturing & Testing TABLETING Introduction[g] The compressed tablet is by far the most popular and versatile dosage form however it does have its drawbacks, in that it is the most technically difficult to form. Tablets are made by a process of compression. A variety of tablets exist and the type of excipients and the way in which they are incorporated vary between dependent on type and size. The powder formulation is contained within a set volume and force is applied via punches to form a solid compact. The first
D240 TMA-02 compare and contrast cbt and mindfulness in understanding and working with fear and sadness
PI: xxxxx D240 Counselling: Exploring fear and sadness. TMA02 Total word count: 2000 words. Total pages: 12 PI number: xxxxxx Name: xxxxxxxx Depression and anxiety, being the largest single cause of disability in our society are serious and the most common debilitating mental illnesses associated with significant human and economic costs (Mind, 2009). NICE guidelines states people diagnosed with these conditions should be offered evidence based therapies as an effective treatment (DH, 2011) and has approved Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and mindfulness to be available in the NHS (NHS, 2011). CBT considers thought, emotion, and behaviour to be interrelated seeking to help clients monitor their cognition and actions so as to help improve their emotional health and life satisfaction (APA, 2011). While mindfulness is intentionally being present in this moment in a non-judgemental way helping us break free from a downward spiral of negative thought and action enabling us to make positive choices while neutralizing fear and sadness (MHF,2012). The purpose of this assignment is to describe various components of CBT and mindfulness, compare and contrast them in understanding and working with fear and sadness, their limitations and advantages and explain the reasons for my inclinations towards CBT before conclusion. CBT is a goal-orientated, practical and structured
Patient care pathways for patients with malignant disease - Hodgkin's lymphoma
00297301 Hodgkins Lymphoma is a malignancy of the lymph nodes and the lymphatic system. It is a primary neoplastic disease of the lymphoid B cells which are named Reed-Sternberg cells (Stevens, Lowe & Scott, 2009). The histological presence is characterised by giant multinucleated cells (Map of Medicine, 2013). Hodgkin’s Lymphoma causes the cells situated in the lymphatic system to abnormally reproduce (lpch.org, 2013) . The change of a normal cell to a malignant one will involve a process that will cause the genes that are involved in normal homeostatic mechanisms to suffer mutational damage. This will result in the activation of genes stimulating proliferation or protection against cell death, the oncogenes, and the inactivation of genes which would normally inhibit proliferation, the tumor suppressor genes (Bertram, 2000). ?????? A B cell is a type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies to fight infection. These are the most commonly used lymphocytes in the bloodstream and they are a crucial element in a strong immune system (Lymphomainfo, 2013). These are categorised in to two groups based on their clinical and pathological findings. Classic Reed- Sternberg cells are binucleate, which are seen in mixed-cellularity and in nodular sclerosis grade 1 Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Reed-Sternberg cells which are monoclear may be seen in any type of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma but
Reflection essay on vital signs using Driscoll's model
This assignment is a reflection that I undertook during my first clinical practice, using Driscoll’s (2000) reflective model, a recognised framework to demonstrate my ability to reflect critical thought in theory to practical skills. Reflection is defined as process of explaining and expressing from one’s own experiences and helps to enables us to develop and improve our skills and knowledge towards becoming professional practitioners (Jasper, 2003). Temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate and respiration are the vital signs that indicate the condition of someone’s ability to maintain blood flow, regulate body temperature, rate of breathing and heart-beat (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE, 2007). A small change in one vital sign can lead to detention in another vital sign. This assessment was analysed and interpreted in order to record and measure the vital signs accurately which significantly allowed practitioners to take appropriate action to meet the needs of the patient (The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), 2010). The first stage of Driscoll’s reflective mode (Johns 1994) describes what happened. The main purpose of this simulation is to increase student confidence and also to prepare student for real clinical setting.We were paired up where one took the blood pressure and the othertook the temperature, the respiration and the pulse
The objective of this assignment is to critically evaluate the following research article: Bowes, S., Lowes, L., Warner, J., & Gregory, J. W. (2009). Chronic sorrow in parents of children with type 1 diabetes. Journal of Advanced Nursing
Student ID: 21117317 Cohort: September 2011 Course: BSc Mental Health Nursing Module Name: Evidence-Based Practice and the Community. Module Number: NS501 Word count: 1914 Submission Date: 08/01/2012 Modular Tutor: David Rawcliffe Module Leader: Barbara Holloway The objective of this assignment is to critically evaluate the following research article: Bowes, S., Lowes, L., Warner, J., & Gregory, J. W. (2009). Chronic sorrow in parents of children with type 1 diabetes. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65 (5), pp. 992-1000 (Appendix 1). For the purpose of this essay, the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) (Appendix 2) is the critiquing framework used to guide this essay. Walsh and Wigens (2003) say that critical evaluation allows people to see the validity of a study by assessing all parts of it in depth. Hek (1996) agrees with this and states that when research material is critiqued, it is imperative to highlight the strengths and the weaknesses of the study in order to identify its worth. This essay aims to display that although the study gives a greater insight into the emotions and impact that chronic sorrow has on parents of a child with diabetes, the study has numerous limitations that need to be addressed before the findings could be representable of the current population and then transferred to evidence-based practice. Whilst a continual process of
How can an effective therapeutic relationship contribute to facilitating change in therapy?
How can an effective therapeutic relationship contribute to facilitating change in therapy? To answer this question, you need to relate the fundamentals of a good therapeutic relationship to the change process, applying theories and concepts discussed so far in the subject. Introduction This essay will define an effective therapeutic relationship and discuss its role in producing positive therapeutic outcomes. For this purpose the fundamental core qualities as conceptualized by Rogers and Bordin needed to form a therapeutic alliance will be identified and discussed and linked to positive therapeutic outcomes. Drawing together these discussions and other identified fundamental qualities leads me to the hypothesis that therapeutic outcomes rely heavily on the therapist’s commitment to their own internal work and subsequently their ability to integrate this depth of awareness into real contact with clients in order to facilitate change. What is an effective therapeutic relationship? The therapeutic relationship is fundamentally the relationship between the therapist and client specifically defined by the purpose of supporting the client to find a more satisfying way of living (McLeaod & McLeaod, 2011). Contained within the relationship is the internal view of both the therapist and client regarding their connection, its effectiveness therefore relies on the nature of
It is it essential that nurse as managers possess the qualities of good leadership to effectively manage contemporary clinical nursing teams. Critically analyse this statement with emphasis on the impact good leadership has on the performance of clinical nursing teams and on patient care.
This assignment will critically analyse the qualities that a nurse, as a leader must possess in order to effectively manage a contemporary nursing team. The assignment will focus on several areas and will include that of the role of the nurse as a leader and skills that the nurse requires as a professional practitioner. The assignment will go on to discuss the meaning of Clinical Governance and the components of this with regard to their involvement within the framework. Personal qualities of a nurse leader will be reflected upon throughout the assignment and the relevance in regards to communication, quality and leadership will be analysed. Finally the impact that effective leadership has on the performance of clinical nursing teams and on patient care will be discussed. The NHS Next Stage Review (DoH 2008) identified and described a future where the National Health Service (NHS) will deliver a high quality service to everyone and in addition this future will afford the staff the opportunity to focus on quality. To ensure that this is achieved, both existing and new staff will be in receipt of primary education and training in order that their current skills are supported and improved and new skills developed. The NHS affirm that their workforce operate on the most effective basis when they are reflecting the needs of the patients. However, we must consider the vast
How might a holistic model help in explaining the experience of mental health?
[Type text] TMA 01 How might a holistic model help in explaining the experience of mental health? What is mental distress? Mental distress is when someone experiences changes in their thoughts and feelings. Their behaviour will be significantly different, both in themselves, and how they behave around others. This greatly interferes with their home life, work life, social life and their relationships they have with others. Examples of mental distress would be anxiety disorder, depression and schizophrenia. (Ethomed, 2003) What is holism? The dictionary definition of holism (from the Greek holos) states that nothing can be fully understood unless one sees the whole system of which it is part; that is the whole is always more than the sum of its parts. (Oxford Dictionary, 2013) What is a holistic approach with regards to health care? The holistic approach is a model, which is made up of 5 different dimensions, and would be perfectly suited to use in the treatment of mental illness. What this means is, that the illness (disease) is viewed as affecting a person’s mind, body and spirit, and each of those dimensions are equally as important as the other. Holism is a reaction to medical approaches. The holistic view acknowledges objective scientific explanations of physiology and accepts that people have inner experiences that are subjective, mystical, and spiritual or
Open University. What would be the benefits and drawbacks for Bronwyn, whose story was featured in Unit 2, of being assessed as having a psychiatric disorder?
[Type text] TMA 01 What would be the benefits and drawbacks for Bronwyn, whose story was featured in Unit 2, of being assessed as having a psychiatric disorder? What is mental distress? Mental distress is when someone experiences changes in their thoughts and feelings. Their behavior will be significantly different, both in themselves, and how they behave around others. This greatly interferes with their home life, work life, social life and their relationships they have with others. Examples of mental distress would be anxiety disorder, depression and schizophrenia. (Ethomed, 2003) The diagnosing of mental distress can mean different things for different people. It must always be dealt with in a sensitive matter. No doctor can ever be certain as to how the individual may act when informed. The diagnosis itself must never overshadow the person, their qualities and personality, or their unique life experiences. (The Open University, 2008, p. 104) (a) (Bowers, 1998) tell us, that those who experience problems such as anxiety or depression may not actually appear different, to those who are not experiencing mental distress. With regards to Bronwyn and the mental distress she is experiencing, this could well be the case. To everyone else, and the outside world, things may seem that everything is fine with her. However, Bronwyn is experiencing mental distress on a daily
This essay will give an overview of the structure and quality of health and social care within the United Kingdom (UK).This essay will give an overview of the structure and quality of health and social care within the United Kingdom (UK).
Health care policy and quality This essay will give an overview of the structure and quality of health and social care within the United Kingdom (UK). The integration of health and social care is one of the key influences of holistic care. This essay will also explore equity of access, quality control, assurance and improvement in regards to providing the highest care for health and social care patients. To achieve quality; legislations, policies and procedures need to be in place to guide staff and patients. These are monitored monthly and annually to maintain high standards of care (NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement Excellence 2013). The policy the author will focus on is the Infection Control Policy, concentrating on the assessment and implementation in health care settings. As well as how high quality standards are maintained and continued within the policy. Confidentiality will also be conserved in this essay; therefore no Trust will be mentioned if the information is not in the public domain. In the UK there are a range of health and social care services for every individual, from health clinics to learning disability schools. They subscribe to the same goal in providing compassionate care with the best quality, standards and evidence based practice. The National Health Service (NHS) is a publicly funded agency providing healthcare to anyone who is a
