This care study looks at occupational asthma and the impact that it can have on an individual.
Chapter 1 Introduction This care study looks at occupational asthma and the impact that it can have on an individual. Asthma and occupational asthma are very relevant today as the incidence is rising. In order to understand how occupational asthma occurs the process of becoming sensitised to an agent within the workplace will be discussed. The care study will look at what role pre-employment and post-placement health surveillance has with regards to the facilitation of employment. The allergy under discussion is the allergy to the complex platinum salts. Current literature surrounding this allergy is looked at to identify current thoughts on why individuals become sensitised and why some individuals develop the allergy and not others. Fitness to work is discussed and the role of occupational health in assessing fitness to work and the need for referral to specialists for diagnosis and prognosis so that the employee can plan his future .1 Background Asthma is a common disorder with 5-10% of the general population affected, according to Venebles & Chan-Yeung (1997). Asthma can be defined as a narrowing of the airways that is reversible over short periods of time, either spontaneously, or with treatment. It is the clinical definition, which characterises asthma as reversible airway narrowing that distinguishes it from other irreversible causes of airway narrowing such as
An exploration of the influences older people's views about end-of-life decisions and the factors influencing such decision making, advanced care planning and open discussions about death.
An exploration of the influences older people's views about end-of-life decisions and the factors influencing such decision making, advanced care planning and open discussions about death In exploration of the influences older people's views about end-of-life decisions and the factors influencing such decision making, advanced care planning and open discussions about death; many things must be taken account of. This literature review aims to provide an introductory review to the area and draw some preliminary conclusions about not only the research completed, but further research which is essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of the area. Views of the older generation One of the fields in which the advances of medical technology has had the greatest impact is in that of end-of-life care. One can now have an input into the manner, timing and place of dying in accordance with the dying persons wishes. However, in spite of public demands for more openness around these issues (i.e. Kirkwood, 2001) and the publications of guidelines suggesting that it is good practice to involve dying people and their family caregivers in care decisions (BMA, 2001; GMC 2001), there is comparatively little known about end-of-life preferences, nor do we completely understand the complexities and risks that are perceived to surround the doctor-patient or doctor-family
Reflective Essay
The aim of this paper is to show the development attained within the following four areas: Professional/Ethical Practice; Care Delivery; Care Management and Personal/Professional Development. Through the use of case studies I will attempt to outline these developments from experiences gained whilst on placement. The names of the people referred to throughout this paper have been changed to maintain confidentiality, in accordance with the NMC Code of Conduct, Clause 5. Care Management The domain Care management will be addressed within this paper using a long term condition case study to highlight the development and learning of this student. The Long Term Medical Conditions Alliance (2002) defines the term long term condition as "a condition of prolonged duration that may affect any aspect of the person's life". A literature search was carried out using the terms care management and long term conditions and the results of which appeared to show that care management is an area of long term conditions that spans the Inter Professional Teams (IPT). From hospitals to primary care they all have input from the IPT and the focus appears to be increasing support for self care, strengthening primary care, responsive specialist care and management of vulnerable patients (DoH, 2004). The NSF for Long Term Conditions, as released by the DoH in March 2005, aims to bring about a
PELVIC FLOOR
Literature review The purpose of this study is to determine if practicing pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) can prevent UI post pregnancy. Background The urinary bladder is a viscoelastic hollow organ, whose function consists in collecting and storing the produced amounts of urine to allow urinary voiding in bigger amounts and longer intervals. Bladder closure during the ordinary non-voiding condition is ensured via the tonus of the functional urethra. Four nerval control circuits (coming from the cortex, over the brain stem and the sacral micturition center, up to the urinary bladder), have been described by Bradley et al. (1976) which are responsible for the activation and coordination of the micturition reflex. For urinary continence to be maintained, urethral pressure must be greater than bladder pressure at all times. The rise in urethral pressure before the increase in intra abdominal pressure (IAP) during a cough indicates that factors other than IAP are responsible for those increases. The pressure rise has been attributed to intra-urethral and periurethral structures (Sapsford 2001). With such a complex system, problems can arise in many ways, such as urinary incontinence (UI). This is described as the involuntary leakage of urine that can result in a social or a hygienic problem (Sampselle 2000; NICE 2006). Three types of UI exist; Stress incontinence (SI) is
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Prescription drug use and to assess patients perceived safety of these medications among citizens of Dwarka. The prevalence of over the counter drugs and other prescription drugs use was
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY PROJECT PREVALENCE OF PRESCRIPTION DRUG USE AMONG THE RESIDENTS OF DWARKA NAME OF THE FACILITATOR- DR. PREETHA GS GROUP MEMBERS (GROUP-2) Ritu Sabharwal(PG/11/077) Nishtha Kumar(PG/11/063) Nitasha Goel(PG/11/064) Parul Juneja(PG/11/067) Pulkit Kathuria(PG/11/075) Sonam Patni(PG/11/096) Swati Puri(PG/11/103) Umesh Jadhav(PG/11/109) INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT RESEARCH DWARKA, NEW DELHI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The study entitled "Prevalence of Prescription Drug use" is the intentional use of medication without prescription i.e in a way other than as prescribed or experience or feeling it causes. Factors responsible for Prescription drug use are lack of knowledge, careless attitude misperceptions about the safety, varied motivation, just to get a feeling of high, relationship difficulties, problems on the job and sedentary lifestyle. Abuse of prescription drugs can produce serious health effects, including addiction.The use of drug without prescription is growing rapidly in India( 4.7 million as per the National Survey conducted in India in 2005) The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Prescription drug use and to assess patients' perceived safety of these medications among citizens of Dwarka. The prevalence of over the counter drugs and other prescription drugs use was estimated and found substantial use of
Discuss discrimination in respect to The Race Relations Act 1976 and the Sex Discrimination Act 1975.
Discrimination 3.6 The Race Relations Act 1976 and the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 make it unlawful to discriminate directly or indirectly on grounds of race, colour, ethnic origin, nationality, gender or marital status. Neither is it acceptable to apply requirements or conditions which are disadvantageous to people of particular racial groups or sex, and which cannot be justified. This will apply to all employees of the Trust and those subject to the Trust's recruitment and selection processes. In addition, it is also unlawful to apply pressure, instruct or aid discrimination by another. Discrimination is the wilful or conscious decision to exercise a personal prejudice against another person or persons. 3.7 Discrimination may exist in one of three forms : a) Direct Discrimination - When a person or persons is deliberately treated less favourably because they are within one of the groups defined in paragraph 2.3. b) Indirect Discrimination - When a person or persons, whether intentionally or not, is subject to a condition or requirement that cannot be justified legally and may be for a reason associated because they are within one of the groups defined in paragraph 2.3. In 1997 when the current Government was elected into power one of their aims was to tackle the inequalities that existed within health and social care. Since then we have seen the publication
Review and discussion of 1993 meeting between the United States President Bill Clinton and Italian Prime Minister Carlo Ciampi to discuss US-Italian cooperation on a variety of domestic and international affairs.
"Our two nations share a wealth of cultural, historical and personal ties. From the voyage of Columbus to the contributions that millions of Italian-Americans make today to our Nation, those ties form a foundation of a common understanding of common objectives." - - President Bill Clinton September 17, 1993 American-Italian Summit * * * On September 17, 1993, United States President Bill Clinton and Italian Prime Minister Carlo Ciampi met to discuss US-Italian cooperation on a variety of domestic and international affairs (Clinton). The topics covered included Health Care Reform, which at the time, both countries struggled in legislating meaningful and effective improvements. Historically, measures to institute working systems of health care in both Italy and the United States undoubtedly failed - America lacks a substantial national health care system, and Italians complain of a disorganized and corrupt system. Experts cite a variety of unique economic and social explanations for the shortcomings in each country yet fail to realize an obvious similarity between the two welfare states that curtails any health care reform: their similar political institutional structure. Fearing a resurrection of authoritative rule, the constitutional framers of both the American and Italian states designed and structured governments that diluted political power to a vast number of
Research Project - the male perspective of miscarriage
MALE PERSPECTIVE OF MISCARRIAGE Literature Review A miscarriage or spontaneous abortion was described by Niven and Walker (1996) as a psychologically challenging for couples. It is the loss of the expected child (McCreight, 2004; Kimble, 1991; Murphy, 1998) for the period of pregnancy with the opportunity of hopes and dreams; and possibly, the disruption of relationship with one's partner (Speckhard, 1997) can be as depressing for women and also with men. This phenomenon exists before the legal age of the fetus life viability, which is 24 weeks gestation. According to reports, the rate of early miscarriage is something like 30% at four weeks gestation, while 20% between four and about thirteen (13) weeks gestation (Rajan and Oakley 1993). Moreover, it has been estimated that about 80% of all conceptions closes stage in fetal death, and the sad thing is that, majority of these happen without the knowledge of the woman (Rajan and Oakley 1993). Miscarriage continues to be a significant problem among women. In fact, in most literatures, grief, ethical dilemmas, depression and health effects are some of the topics which are strongly associated among women as far as miscarriage are concerned, and very limited studies tackle and measured the involvement and perspective of men on the issue. During pregnancy as well as birth, the impact of the role of fathers is not clear and
How effective communication can contribute to health, care and early years workers valuing people as individuals.
How effective communication can contribute to health, care and early years workers valuing people as individuals. We communicate with people for various reasons. E.g. to give or receive information, to provide support or to carry out an assessment for individual needs. Interactions with people can be formal or informal. Formal interactions are likely to involve a social worker talking to an official capacity. Informal interactions in contrast are more themselves and relaxed the different types of interactions are verbal and non verbal. Verbal interaction occurs when the person speaks, when people talk to each other one to one or in groups. Effective verbal communication involves a two way process of speaking and listening. In St John's Palliative Care Homes all forms of communication are important for a good relationship between client and staff. Ways to communicate verbally would include; asking questions, probing and prompting within the conversation e.g. at St John's a nurse asking the client what their granddaughter/ son is like if the client mentions that they have them, and the tone of voiced used. Verbal communication is most commonly used in communication with children, meetings, providing support and dealing with problems and complaints. Stress and being upset are barriers to good communication, as is confusion and being emotionally stressed. At St John's hospice
HIV-Infected Health Care Workers Who Perform Invasive, Exposure-Prone Procedures:Defining the Risk and Balancing the Interests of Health Care Workers and Patients
Tammy L. Greene Assignment #4 HIV-Infected Health Care Workers Who Perform Invasive, Exposure-Prone Procedures: Defining the Risk and Balancing the Interests of Health Care Workers and Patients INTRODUCTION In the early 1990s, a report of a dentist who transmitted Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) to a patient resulted in mass fear and confusion among the health care industry, regulatory agencies, and the public at large. After conducting an extensive study, the United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) confirmed that six patients of Dr. David Acer had become infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) while under his care in the early 1990s. (1) This incident, known as the "Acer cluster," however, is the only known transmission of HIV from a health care worker (HCW) to a patient in the United States. Because of obstacles to reporting exposures and unreliable data regarding how many physicians have been infected with AIDS, the fact that the Acer cluster is the only documented instance of transmission should not be considered dispositive. Further, the CDC's confirmation of a report in France of an orthopedic surgeon who was diagnosed with full blown AIDS in 1994 and transmitted the virus to a patient in 1992 during surgery demonstrates that the Acer cluster is not an anomaly. Some infection control experts hope that the incident in France will dispel
