North Stradbroke Island Report
Table of Contents Foreword 1 .0 Introduction 2 2.0 One Mile Beach: Seagrass Investigation 6 3.0 Myora Springs: Mangrove Investigation 12 4.0 Main Beach: Sand Dune Investigation 17 5.0 18 Mile Swamp Investigation 27 6.0 Brown Lake Investigation 32 7.0 Protection and Conservation of North Stradbroke Island 36 8.0 Conclusion 39 9.0 Bibliography 40 Appendix 43 List of Figures and Tables Figure 1: Transect of Seagrass 11 Figure 2: Sand dune Transect 24 Table 1: Biotic Data of Seagrass Investigation 7 Table 2: Seagrass Transect Results 10 Table 3: Biotic Data of Mangrove Investigation 13 Table 4: Biotic Data of Sand Dune Investigation 20 Table 5: Vegetation Data of Sand Dune Investigation 21 Table 6: Animal Data of Sand Dune Investigation 22 Table 7: Sand Dune Transect Results 23 Table 8: Vegetation Information for Sand Dune Investigation 25 Table 9: Biotic Data of 18 Mile Swamp Investigation 30 Table 10: Animal Survey on 18 Mile Swamp 31 Table 11: Biotic Data on Brown Lake Investigation 34 Table 12: Animal Survey on Brown Lake 35 Table 13: Impacts on the Mangrove Ecosystem and Strategies 37 Foreword On the 20th and 21st September 2006, a field trip was undertaken to Queensland's North Stradbroke Island (NSI). Five various sites were visited to help compile a suitable management plan for the protection and conservation of NSI. The five habitats observed
Waste, the Landfill Tax and the Inert Problem
Waste, the Landfill Tax and the Inert Problem .0 ABSTRACT Waste is an important issue that affects us all; it is also very complex. What waste actually is is also very unclear the issue has been before the courts on a number of occasions because regulatory authorities and industry see the definitions differently. The confusion is caused by the existence of numerous definitions of waste. In England and Wales three main methods are used to deal with waste, they are Recycle and Reuse, Incineration and Landfill. All three methods have problems which can have a harmful effect on the environment or public health, reuse and recycling suffers from economic problems. In 1996 the government introduced the landfill tax which aimed to encourage recycling and reuse and to free up space at landfill sites. The landfill has reduced waste arisings at landfill sites but there is no evidence of increased re use or recycling, it is believed that the waste is being disposed of in either the unregulated or illegal sectors. This is then causing further environmental problems. 2.0 CONTENTS: Page No. .0 ABSTRACT 1 2.0 CONTENTS 2 3.0 APPENDICES 3 4.0 INTRODUCTION 4 5.0 WHAT IS WASTE 6 6.0 CURRENT DISPOSAL METHODS 9 7.0 THE LANDFILL TAX 12 8.0 THE INERT PROBLEM 15 9.0 REGULATION 19 0.0 CONCLUESION 20 1.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES 22
Geography investigation - The River Skirfare located in the Littondale region in the Yorkshire Dales National Park.
SECTION 1 Hypotheses; Hypothesis 1; 'Bedload will decrease in its size and angularity downstream'. By this, I mean that the material being carried, eroded and transported by the river will be smaller and more rounded downstream, than the material upstream. Hypothesis 2; 'The efficiency of the river will increase as you look further downstream.' This is where the river's ability to carry and transport material is greater downstream, but not upstream. Hence, we can say that upstream, has a poorer efficiency, than that downstream. Hypothesis 3; 'The velocity of the river will increase further downstream.' This would mean that the further down the river you travel the greater the surface speed of the river. Gradient will also be of great use as there will be an inverse relationship between the two variables, velocity and gradient. The further downstream, gradient will start to decrease. In other words the land around the river will be much more level downstream, but steeper upstream. SECTION 2 Introduction; This investigation sets out to prove or disprove three hypotheses. The hypotheses have been developed around the study of a river and hence, set out to focus on the processes and changes in the river downstream. To understand any possible changes or processes in as much detail as possible I have chosen three hypotheses that I think will help me achieve this best.
Thailand Highways Management Project
SM 73.61- Managing Public and Development Projects Instructor - Dr. Do Ba Khang FINAL PROJECT REPORT Thailand Highways Management Project (P075173) Group 3 . Praphop Anantakoon St101942 2. Lam Quynh Tho St102016 3. Phan Thanh Nga St102056 4. Trinh Thi Kim Phuong St102015 5. Nguyen Thuy Hang St102062 6. Probal Dutta St101941 SOM, May 2005 TABLE OF CONTENT I - INTRODUCTION: 3 .The rationale of the study 3 2.The Project Background 3 2.1. The Project Information: 3 2.2. The Project Organization: 3 II - THE PROJECT DESCRIPTION 4 . The Project Logframe 4 2.The Project Work Breakdown Structure 8 3.The Project Cost Estimation 9 4.The Project Planning and Scheduling 10 5.The Project Key Stakeholders Description 12 III- PROJECT PROBLEM AND RISK ANALYSES 17 .Project Problem Analysis 17 2.The Project Risk Analysis 20 IV- LESSONS LEARNT 21 .Ownership and Commitment 21 2.Cross-sector Issues and Conflicts of Interest 22 3.Budget Allocation, Adequate Staffing and Procurement Procedures 22 4.Support from World Bank Field Office 22 REFERENCE 23 I - INTRODUCTION: .The rationale of the study Projects are becoming more and more popular and favoured by development assistant agencies worldwide because of its advantages. Although they promise many advantages it is not always those are realized in the real world, in other words, there are many difficulties
Does a population hierarchy exist on the Ards Peninsula?
HYPOTHESIS 1 Does a population hierarchy exist on the Ards Peninsula? AIMS: The aim of this hypothesis is to see if the Rank Size Rule is true of the Ards Peninsula. In other words, to verify if there is a definite order to the spacing of settlements on the Ards Peninsula that could be said to be close to that stated by the Rank Size Rule. METHODOLOGY: In order to achieve the aims I have outlined above I used several different methods of collating and analysing the data. However, I must first describe how the data was collected. Much of the data was collected on the trip to the Ards Peninsula, although a good deal of the information regarding this hypothesis in particular was collected using census data. The data regarding population was gathered mostly by driving very slowly through the settlements and counting the houses as we went, then multiplying the number of houses by the Ards peninsula average population per house which is approx. 2.5. For many of the larger settlements we used 1991 census data. Using this data I will make a table showing the population of each of the twenty-five settlements we visited and their rank. The settlements will be ranked from one to twenty-five, with one having the largest population. Having done this I will then plot a line graph of population against population rank. If I draw on another line showing the theoretical result if
The origin of the Earth
Sonja Radmilovic Earths History 17/4/02 The origin of the Earth The age of the Earth was once, and still is, a matter great debate. In 1650 Archbishop Usher used the Bible to calculate that the Earth was created in 4004BC. Later on in the mid-nineteenth century Charles Darwin believed that the Earth must be extremely old because he recognized that natural selection and evolution required vast amounts of time. It wasn't until the discovery of radioactivity that scientists began to put a timescale on the history of the Earth. Rocks often contain heavy radioactive elements which decay over long periods of time, the decay is unaffected by the physical and chemical conditions and different elements decay at different rates (These rates are slow and half-life's of several hundred million years are not uncommon) Throughout this century the race has been on to discover the oldest rocks in the world. The oldest volcanic rock found so far has been dated at 3.75 billion years old, but this is not the whole story. Meteorites created at the same time as the Earth hit us all the time, radioactive dating shows that they are about 4.55 billion years old. THE EARLY ATMOSPHERE The present composition of the atmosphere is: 21% OXYGEN 78% NITROGEN 0.04% CARBON DIOXIDE ~0.9% ARGON The atmosphere wasn't like this when the Earth was created over
To assess whether the modified channel of the river ash is effective in reducing the risk of flooding to local homes.
GEOGRAPHY COURSEWORK INTRODUCTION Aim: To assess whether the modified channel of the river ash is effective in reducing the risk of flooding to local homes. To achieve this aim I will conduct a number of experiments within both the natural and modified channel to find out if the modified channel is effective in reducing the risk of flooding to local homes. A satellite image of the area studied in which the experiments on the River Ash took place. Both the modified and natural channel can be clearly seen. The location of the River Ash in relation to the UK. A map showing Staines at the source of the River Ash- the River Colne. The area in which the River Ash starts and flows out of the River Colne is very close to the A30 and the George VI Reservoir. A map showing the River Ash in Shepperton near Upper Halliford, Littleton and the Queen Mary Reservoir. A map showing Sunbury at the mouth of the River Ash where the Ash flows into the River Thames Location The River Ash is located in the south east of the UK. Although the river flows through Shepperton- in Surrey- the river is confined within the Spelthorne borough. The river's source is the River Colne in Staines. It flows from Staines in an easterly direction before flowing southeast through Laleham and bypasses Queen Mary's reservoir. It then turns east through Littleton and Shepperton before joining the
The UK travel and tourism industry
The UK Travel and Tourism industry Page 3 Public sector Page 4 Private sector Page 5 Voluntary sector Page 6 Tour operators Page 7 TUI profiles Page 7-8 Vertical/ horizontal integration Page 8-9 Different types of tour operators Page 10 The Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA) Page 11-13 Federation of Tour Operators (FTO) Page 13-14 The impact that technology has had on tour operators Page 14 Travel agent Page 15-17 The Guild of Business Travel Agents Page 17 Airlines and Airports Page 18-24 Accommodation Page 25-26 Bibliography Page 27 The UK Travel and Tourism Industry The Travel and Tourism Industry has grown rapidly since the Second World War and is now said to be one of the world's largest industries. The tourism industry is very fragmented, employing up to 1.7 million people who help provide a vast range of products, services and facilities to cater for the needs of their customers. Commercial Providers Private Sector Non-commercial providers Private Sector Core elements of the UK tourism industry Destination Transportation Accommodation Attractions Distribution channels Travel agents Direct sell Tour operators Tourists The structure of the UK travel and tourism industry The table above shows that the tourists are the focus of
What are the effects of Deforestation?
Deforestation Vegetation, in particular trees, absorb carbon, in the form of carbon dioxide throughout their lives by the process of photosynthesis. This carbon is stored in the carbohydrates produced. Although some of this is used up quickly in respiration, which returns the carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, some is changed to fats and proteins. As man has evolved, however, he has slowly overrun the forests. Some figures say that at the moment, and area of woodland the size of Wales is destroyed every week. This causes several problems: * Less carbon dioxide is absorbed form the atmosphere * When trees are burnt or decay through the action of microbes, this carbon and methane is released * More carbon is being released than is being absorbed So the amount of carbon in the atmosphere has increased. So what? Well, it is thought by many scientists that this increase in the percentage of carbon dioxide could enhance the Greenhouse effect. On a smaller scale, the destruction of trees destroys habitats and can lead to the expansion of deserts as the nutrient rich soil around the trees is held together by the tree roots. Without these, the soil is erroded away. The levels of CO2 and methane are slowly rising. These gases thicken the atmosphere, reducing the amount of energy radiated by the Earth's surface and keeping it warmer than it would be otherwise. Increased levels
What is the impact of Tourism and Recreation on Epping Forest?
Geography Coursework What is the impact of Tourism and Recreation on Epping Forest? Joseph Richards Green Route Ms Belton INTRODUCTION 4 LOCATION 4 HISTORY 4 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 5 AIM 5 PLAN 6 METHOD 6 PREDICTION 6 Equipment 6 Key Terms 6 Tourism and Recreation 7 METHODOLOGY 8 PRIMARY DATA 8 Land Use Map 8 Vegetation Cover 9 TALLEST PLANT 10 SOIL COMPACTION 12 GRAPHS AND ANALYSIS 13 ANALYSIS 13 KEY QUESTION 1 13 VEGETATION COVER 13 LAND USE MAPS 14 TALLEST PLANT 14 TRAMPLING SCALE 14 SOIL COMPACTION 15 KEY QUESTION 2 15 TRAFFIC COUNT DIAGRAM 16 PILLOW MOUNDS 16 ROBIN HOOD GREEN 16 PUBLIC PRESSURE GRAPHS/DIAGRAMS 16 PILLOW MOUNDS 16 ROBIN HOOD GREEN 17 LAND USE MAPS 17 PILLOW MOUNDS 17 ROBIN HOOD GREEN 17 KITE DIAGRAMS 17 PILLOW MOUNDS 17 Introduction In this piece of geography coursework, I will include information relating to the project theme, Epping forest; which is a forest located in the south east of England, between the two borders separating Greater London and Essex. I will focus mainly only on subjects closely linked to or related to the topics including, Tourism, recreation, wildlife, and plant life. I will take an insight into how the overhead factors affect Epping forest generically, and what Epping gains and loses out on the topics. In this piece of coursework, related to Epping Forest. I will answer the four
