"Citizens of the ten new Member States still do not have full rights of citizenship." Critically discuss.
"Citizens of the ten new Member States still do not have full rights of citizenship." Critically discuss. By its very nature, the European Union is destined to grow. Article 49 of the Treaty on European Union establishes that "any European state which respects the principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and the rule of law may apply to become a member of the Union."1 Since the fall of the Berlin Wall and collapse of communism 15 years ago, Article 49 was inevitably set to be implemented eastwards leaving the matter of time hinging on the question of how fast the former communist countries will meet the political and economical requirements to suit the Union's standards.2 By 2002, among thirteen candidates, eight Central and East European (CEE) countries, namely Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia plus two Mediterranean islands namely Cyprus and Malta were approved to fulfil the "Copenhagen criteria" by the beginning of 2004, setting therefore "the biggest and most ambitious enlargement in the EU history."3 For many external observers and analysts, however, the enlargement is often viewed in a rather abstract way, as it appears merely in terms of ten new states or ten new economies, thereby encouraging blindness towards the essence - nearly 75 millions of EU new citizens... At the end
"Compare and contrast the precepts of European Union of self and a student of the European Union of choice"
LONDON COLLEGE OF BUSINESS EUROPEAN UNION & THE SINGLE CURRENCY ASSIGNMENT "Compare and contrast the precepts of European Union of self And a student of the European Union of choice" SUBMITTED TO - PROF. HELEN COMPLIED BY - MBA/STU CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ON EUROPEAN UNION & THE EURO PAGE 1 THE TURKEY MEMBERSHIP PAGE 2 UK ON ITS DELAY ON ADOPTING THE EURO PAGE 2 UNITED STATES OF EUROPE PAGE 2 COMMON FOREIGN POLICY PAGE 3 INTELLECT ADVANCEMENT PAGE 3 COMPLEX EU PAGE 3 OUR LIFESTYLE PAGE 3 COSMOPOLITAN EU PAGE 4 INDEPENDENT PAGE 4 CONCLUSION PAGE 4 REFERENCE PAGE 5 Here is the detail of the discussion of the European union & the Euro currency undertook by me & Jessica Rawling from Ireland. We talked about some of the relevant issues that we knew and compared it. The EUROPEAN UNION - EU To date EU has played large part in our life from exporting goods or services from European markets to the laws, regulations in place and directives agreed upon by 24 member states, and the usage of the single currency. It all began with the concept of nationalism that resulted in world wars to making of alliances and signing of the treaty of Rome. Initially six nations moved in to integrate and set-up the common market, and various other joint European communities/commissions/bodies.
"Delegated Legislation is a necessary source of Law"
"Delegated Legislation is a necessary source of Law" a. Explain and illustrate what is meant by delegated legislation. (15) Delegated Legislation is where an Act of Parliament is passed giving someone other than parliament the power to make laws and carry out tasks. The body is then acting with the authority of parliament. In simple terms, parliament's authority to make laws is delegated to a smaller body. Primarily there are three types of delegated legislation, these being Statutory Instruments, By-laws and Orders in Council. They are all Delegated legislation but the format in which the Legislation is considered and passed is different in each case. Firstly Statutory Instruments are drafted by government departments. The power to create these laws will be given to the minister who heads the department by the parent act. The Parent Acts are created by Government and then the authority to draw up the details of the law is delegated to the minister in charge of the various departments. The Parent Act will lay down the procedures that must be followed to bring the Statutory Instruments into force, as well as the main heading of the new law. There is often a duty to consult various named organizations. And then one of two procedures will be followed. The normal procedure is the negative resolution procedure. The statutory instrument is laid before parliament for a period of
"Did nationalism exist before the late eighteenth century?"
"Did nationalism exist before the late eighteenth century?" There are many historians, namely the "modernist" school of thought, who would pinpoint the beginning of nationalism as being from the French Revolution of 1789. E.J. Hobsbawm for instance, makes reference to the theories of Miroslav Hroch, for example, who would have argued that nationalism certainly did not come into being before 1789.1 While this statement can certainly be supported, it can also be called into question, as many historians have done in recent years. It is ultimately up to the individual to make up his or her own mind, however, I will now discuss the various arguments, as well as putting forward some of my own thoughts on the question and attempt to draw up my own conclusion. From the mid-1960s until quite recently, there was a widely held belief that nationalism was a product of the events in of the late eighteenth century in Europe. However, in more recent years, this view has been increasingly challenged by various historians. Peter Alter raises the question, "From which point is it possible to say that any type of nationalism exists?" 2, demonstrating just how ambiguous this issue is. What has been made clear to me while researching this topic is that in order to come to any sort of conclusion, one must maintain a clear definition of nationalism. Therefore, I feel it is vital that we
Is Chinese society becoming more socially diverse? What are the major social sources of conflicts in Chinese society today?
City University of Hong Kong SA2702 The People's Republic Of China Individual Paper TA4 Tutor: Isabel, Jie Gao Student: Tangerine, Yuen Ching Ching 51466021 Theme: Is Chinese society becoming more socially diverse? What are the major social sources of conflicts in Chinese society today? A. Introduction What was the Chinese society before the reform? In Mao's Period, the Chinese society was a reverse pyramid: the farmers and workers were at the top of the society structure. Also, there was class struggle at that time. In addition, egalitarian principle was concerned the wages. Although people have low wages at that time, they have the high social security. In that period, there was some organizations : Firstly, the Work Unit system, which was the work unit provided to their worker social welfare, likehousing, childcare, recreation, and so on. Secondly, The Urban Community organisation, which was the resident organisation and provided social surveillance, resident activities, and so on. Thirdly, The People's Commune, which was between 20,000 - 30,000 people shared everything in rural area, from lands to kitchen. In the following, I will explain two parts: Firstly, I will explain why the Chinese society is becoming more socially diverse, which is based on 4 reasons: a. New social categories of wealth and power emerged b. Two-class structure has been
The merger of ideas found in the article on Southernization by Shaffer and Clancy-Smith's article of localizing histories are indeed the most convincing, and offer a semi-satisfactory method of researching and teaching world history.
Approach to Studying World History In the course of reading the different approaches to world history, two particular arguments and models stand out. The merger of ideas found in the article on Southernization by Shaffer and Clancy-Smith's article of localizing histories are indeed the most convincing, and offer a semi-satisfactory method of researching and teaching world history. Shaffer's argument that the development of diverse variables1 in a given area would lead the researcher to find influences and dynamic interaction with other areas, provides two models in studying world history: (1) an organic and gradual social and economic developmental process, and (2) with what Voll calls "overlapping networks" that provide a connection between different peoples and civilizations. This model could be applied to practically any civilization in the world, as it sets its starting point in a given locality irrespective of a timeline. Thus you could start your exploration of world history in 2500 B.C.E or 1600 C.E. However I was uncomfortable with the notion of attributing a sort of "spreading" of Southernization (much like theories of Westernization). Oddly, I picture jam being spread over a world map. His concept seems sound in that it ties together various dynamics and effects across the globe in many cases, but by calling it Southernization it implies that a personalized
Is the State the Primary Actor in Global Politics?
Is the State the Primary Actor in Global Politics? Traditionally it is states that are thought of as the primary actor in global politics, however, non-state actors are increasingly playing a more important role, and whilst we have seen an increasing number of non-governmental organisations such as Amnesty International and transnational corporations such as Shell, however, this journal shall focus on the most influential of non-state actors which is intergovernmental organizations such as the United Nations (The UN) or the European Union (The EU) etc. Globalization is one of the main reasons for intergovernmental organizations power increasing and is the driving force behind states having less power globally, from finance to human rights, there is a "widening, deepening and speeding up of global interconnectedness" (Held et al 2003 p67) and as a result states are increasingly becoming interdependent on one another which has lead to supranational organizations such as the EU being established. Supranational organisations inflict a number of limitations on a states independence to do as they please, proving that states are not the primary actor in global politics (Watson 1997 p2). Watson identifies three different types of restraints that supranational organizations impose on a state. Firstly, they are trapped in a system where they have no choice but to acknowledge all the
Are pressure groups good for Democracy?
Are pressure groups good for Democracy? Whether or not pressure groups are good for democracy depends if their activity is looked at in negative or positive terms. Most recently pressure groups have been subject to a lot of criticism in recent years for reasons such as the "iron triangle" and having too much power. However others contest that pressure groups are indeed good for democracy and help the process because they provide congressmen with specialist knowledge and enhance political participation for the members of the public in and between elections. Pressure groups could be argued to be good for democracy as they provide legislators with specialist knowledge. Some may think this is not necessary as Congressmen have their own 'staffers', however the interest groups can offer detailed or technical knowledge that they would otherwise lack. This could be in the form of feedback about reaction in the country to government polices and proposals for legislation. There have, however, been suggestions that the increase of pressure groups within recent years has led to a decline in their usefulness as sources of information. It has been argued that Congressmen are increasingly uncertain about which group has credibility and deserves attention and in turn means that they do not want to be associated with them. This means that pressure groups are not necessarily good for
In the light of the global trends towards democratic development in the 1980's, account for the cont
In the light of the global trends towards democratic development in the 1980's, account for the cont In the 1980's, a remarkable trend towards the establishment of democratic institutions was apparent throughout many areas of the world. In Latin-America the generals and colonels were returning to their barracks, while the the end of the cold war witnessed the emergence of fledgling democracies in large parts of eastern Europe and the former USSR. However, this trend wasn't reproduced in certain Southeast Asian states, where the military still has a pivotal role in influencing and directing policy and actively suppressing the emergence of democratic institutions. This is no more noticeable than in Indonesia and Burma: the two states which will be discussed in this essay. In this respect the structure we have adopted is one of studying the events leading to the military takeover; examining the internal socioeconomic conditions which facilitated military intervention; and then bringing the reader up to date with the current difficulties facing the respective governments. In addition, the analytical framework will revolve around Huntington's claim that military intervention is a product of feeble and ineffective civilian associations. Thus: "The extent to which military institutions and individuals become politicized is a function of the weakness of civilian political
Assess the impact that enlargement will have on the size and economy of the European Union. How will regional and economic policies alter to accommodate the accession of new member states?
Assess the impact that enlargement will have on the size and economy of the European Union. How will regional and economic policies alter to accommodate the accession of new member states? Enlargement is one of the most important opportunities for the European Union. "It is a unique historic task to further the integration of the continent by peaceful means, extending a zone of stability and prosperity to new members" (www.europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/intro/print-index_en.htm) Today the European Union has over 500 million inhabitants, 25 member states, a single market, a single monetary policy and a shared currency; the Euro. Citizens of the EU have the benefit of fundamental rights and social policies, freedom of movement and employment and share and respect for cultural and political diversity. The EU has shown solidarity among its less developed regions and shown co-operation in many different areas for each of its member countries. The historic enlargement of the European Union on the 1st of May 2004 enhanced the Union in many ways. This sense of an 'artificial division of Europe' will hopefully now come to an end and instead of dividing lines it is hopeful that the relationship between neighbouring countries will be improved. In reality the EU's membership has been very unstable; it went from being six countries to nine, to twelve, to fifteen to twenty five and
