"Changes in word usage and meaning in the English language reflect the evolving nature of society's values."Examine how societal and cultural values influence our language.
"Changes in word usage and meaning in the English language reflect the evolving nature of society's values." Examine how societal and cultural values influence our language. The English language has been formed and developed over many centuries into the form with which we now associate, and recognise, it today. The development and change of language can be primarily attributed to societal and cultural pressures, which are occurring and influencing its speakers, which is the primary claim of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. The pressures influencing language modification can be seen to arise from a multitude of sources, be it internal or external ones, with their overall result-varying dependent upon their impact on the population of that language region. Change within the English language can be seen to have come about as a result of the various influences it has seen, such as that of invasion and the movement of people, technological development, changing social attitudes, general changes in attitude to what is perceived to be acceptable or not and the changing of word usage and meaning. Language is a relative concept that is constantly adapting and changing to reflect the societal and cultural influences that affect its speakers. German philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt summed up the changing nature of language in 1836 by stating that: There can never be a moment of true
"Citizens of the ten new Member States still do not have full rights of citizenship." Critically discuss.
"Citizens of the ten new Member States still do not have full rights of citizenship." Critically discuss. By its very nature, the European Union is destined to grow. Article 49 of the Treaty on European Union establishes that "any European state which respects the principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and the rule of law may apply to become a member of the Union."1 Since the fall of the Berlin Wall and collapse of communism 15 years ago, Article 49 was inevitably set to be implemented eastwards leaving the matter of time hinging on the question of how fast the former communist countries will meet the political and economical requirements to suit the Union's standards.2 By 2002, among thirteen candidates, eight Central and East European (CEE) countries, namely Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia plus two Mediterranean islands namely Cyprus and Malta were approved to fulfil the "Copenhagen criteria" by the beginning of 2004, setting therefore "the biggest and most ambitious enlargement in the EU history."3 For many external observers and analysts, however, the enlargement is often viewed in a rather abstract way, as it appears merely in terms of ten new states or ten new economies, thereby encouraging blindness towards the essence - nearly 75 millions of EU new citizens... At the end
"Classical sociological theory has likttle relevance in understanding contemporary employment" - discuss
"Classical sociological theory has little relevance in understanding contemporary employment" - discuss. Marx, Weber and Durkheim are three names that have had an enormous impact on our understanding of the social context of work. Karl Marx was the driving force behind Marxism - a political and sociological thesis which has influenced many policies and political parties throughout the last century. His writings on politics, the world of work and its social relevance have influenced the way employers treat their staff and run their companies, as well as how governments have legislated to give more socio-economic power to the workforce. In a similar vein, Max Weber and Emile Durkheim's writings question how companies work and how people respond to social situations. However, with the changed cultural and economic power structures of today (which have arisen partly due to these writers), it is debateable whether their ideas have such relevance today, although some modern sociologists try to apply classical theory to the contemporary world by building on their work. Marx lived during a time of great change. The world was entering what many social scientists called the first wave of globalisation. Industrialisation meant that the workforce was becoming more affluent, educated and sophisticated, yet, at the same time, obsessed with work. Better transport links also meant that it
"Community in Australia: What do we want from it: What do we get from it
Community in Australia: What do we want from it? What do we get from it? "Community in Australia: What do we want from it? What do we get from it?" In looking at this statement it is clear to the eye that the term 'community' needs clarification before I explore this topic further. According to the Macquarie Compact Colour Dictionary, the term 'Community' is defined as: "A social group of any size whose members reside in a specific locality, share government, and have a cultural and historical heritage". Some examples of what community is: Faith groups, schools, recreation clubs, pubs non-government organizations, friendship networks, local neighborhoods and interest groups such as sport, culture, spirituality, self-help and e-mail. Through a broad range of texts, personal experiences and interviews from members of my community, I aim to explore such concepts as, what 'community' means to people, their 'ideal visions' and their lived experience of it. I will investigate what people want and don't want from 'community' as well as what community is, and is not, giving to people in Australia. The content of this essay will also include thoughts on what has changed our experience of community in the last 50 years or more and how community in Australia, in this decade, compares to other times and places. Through exploring mine and other peoples views of what community means to
"Compare and contrast the precepts of European Union of self and a student of the European Union of choice"
LONDON COLLEGE OF BUSINESS EUROPEAN UNION & THE SINGLE CURRENCY ASSIGNMENT "Compare and contrast the precepts of European Union of self And a student of the European Union of choice" SUBMITTED TO - PROF. HELEN COMPLIED BY - MBA/STU CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ON EUROPEAN UNION & THE EURO PAGE 1 THE TURKEY MEMBERSHIP PAGE 2 UK ON ITS DELAY ON ADOPTING THE EURO PAGE 2 UNITED STATES OF EUROPE PAGE 2 COMMON FOREIGN POLICY PAGE 3 INTELLECT ADVANCEMENT PAGE 3 COMPLEX EU PAGE 3 OUR LIFESTYLE PAGE 3 COSMOPOLITAN EU PAGE 4 INDEPENDENT PAGE 4 CONCLUSION PAGE 4 REFERENCE PAGE 5 Here is the detail of the discussion of the European union & the Euro currency undertook by me & Jessica Rawling from Ireland. We talked about some of the relevant issues that we knew and compared it. The EUROPEAN UNION - EU To date EU has played large part in our life from exporting goods or services from European markets to the laws, regulations in place and directives agreed upon by 24 member states, and the usage of the single currency. It all began with the concept of nationalism that resulted in world wars to making of alliances and signing of the treaty of Rome. Initially six nations moved in to integrate and set-up the common market, and various other joint European communities/commissions/bodies.
"Compare and evaluate Durkheim and Tonnies' accounts of social integration in modern societies"
"Compare and evaluate Durkheim and Tonnies' accounts of social integration in modern societies" Both Durkheim and Tonnies discuss their views on 'social integration' within society, and throughout this essay I shall critically assess both of these positions. As stated in Steve Chapman's Essential Word Dictionary, the term 'social integration' suggests a "sense of belonging to a particular social group, community or society". As society is progressively changing and adapting, so too are the communities within society. However it is important to state that there are different 'types' of community within society, the term must not be used too broadly. A 'geographical community' is categorised by people living within a geographical boundary, who are therefore connected as a result of where they live in relation to others. However in comparison, community may also be categorised as a result of 'social relationships' which is not determined by a person's geographical position in any way. Communities defined by 'social relationships' reflect a collection of people with very strong attachments to one another. An example of this may be a religious community, where members have similar norms, values and identities. Durkheim and Tonnies both discuss theories of social integration within society, showing how social behaviour develops and adapts over time. However, within this
"Constructions of the Self" An exposition of Butler's work within Gender Trouble, with emphasis being placed upon her critique of Lacan & Foucault.
This is a term paper I wrote during the final year of my BA, for a course entitled "Constructions of the Self". It basically gives an exposition of Butler's work within Gender Trouble, with emphasis being placed upon her critique of Lacan & Foucault. "Girls who like boys like their girls like their boys, and boys who like girls like their girls to be boys, like their boys like their girls?-oh well it always should be someone you really love! ". ( Blur, Boys and Girls. 1994 ). To Judith Butler the word "trouble" appears to signify that which has the capacity to disrupt the accepted realities of the self ; in terms of how discourse works through concepts such as "sex", "gender" and "identity". Within her work Butler thus aims to assess/ criticise numerous key writers within Cultural Theory, in order to demonstrate how these formulations are ultimately based upon the sustained deployment of the Heterosexual Matrix. i.e. The discursive/ regulatory forces which attempt to construct identity in relation to the concept of compulsory hetero sexual desire. To Butler this "belief", rests upon the Traditional assumption, that there exist two distinct sexes; which in turn, manifest themselves as two stable gender categories, viz. "masculinity"/ "femininity". Following a genealogical analysis, Butler therefore aims to explore the implicit effects which stem from the power
"Delegated Legislation is a necessary source of Law"
"Delegated Legislation is a necessary source of Law" a. Explain and illustrate what is meant by delegated legislation. (15) Delegated Legislation is where an Act of Parliament is passed giving someone other than parliament the power to make laws and carry out tasks. The body is then acting with the authority of parliament. In simple terms, parliament's authority to make laws is delegated to a smaller body. Primarily there are three types of delegated legislation, these being Statutory Instruments, By-laws and Orders in Council. They are all Delegated legislation but the format in which the Legislation is considered and passed is different in each case. Firstly Statutory Instruments are drafted by government departments. The power to create these laws will be given to the minister who heads the department by the parent act. The Parent Acts are created by Government and then the authority to draw up the details of the law is delegated to the minister in charge of the various departments. The Parent Act will lay down the procedures that must be followed to bring the Statutory Instruments into force, as well as the main heading of the new law. There is often a duty to consult various named organizations. And then one of two procedures will be followed. The normal procedure is the negative resolution procedure. The statutory instrument is laid before parliament for a period of
"Did nationalism exist before the late eighteenth century?"
"Did nationalism exist before the late eighteenth century?" There are many historians, namely the "modernist" school of thought, who would pinpoint the beginning of nationalism as being from the French Revolution of 1789. E.J. Hobsbawm for instance, makes reference to the theories of Miroslav Hroch, for example, who would have argued that nationalism certainly did not come into being before 1789.1 While this statement can certainly be supported, it can also be called into question, as many historians have done in recent years. It is ultimately up to the individual to make up his or her own mind, however, I will now discuss the various arguments, as well as putting forward some of my own thoughts on the question and attempt to draw up my own conclusion. From the mid-1960s until quite recently, there was a widely held belief that nationalism was a product of the events in of the late eighteenth century in Europe. However, in more recent years, this view has been increasingly challenged by various historians. Peter Alter raises the question, "From which point is it possible to say that any type of nationalism exists?" 2, demonstrating just how ambiguous this issue is. What has been made clear to me while researching this topic is that in order to come to any sort of conclusion, one must maintain a clear definition of nationalism. Therefore, I feel it is vital that we
"Discuss the notions of exclusion and inclusion and relate these to the increase or decrease in local crime rates".
"Discuss the notions of exclusion and inclusion and relate these to the increase or decrease in local crime rates" Through the ages of philosophy, philosophers tried to find out why poverty divides people into separate groups. The discussion about poverty, but in the new shape, continues until now. Books are written, conferences are held about new social evil, recently discovered - social exclusion. Poverty, unemployment and social exclusion are separate issues but tend to go hand in hand with one another. So sometimes I will be focusing at one of the issues but always with social exclusion in mind. First of all I am going to look at the definition of 'social exclusion', then go on to look at who and how many people fall into this category, government initiatives and the impact that being socially excluded or included has on crime, the individual and society. Exclusion I am aware of the difficulty of defining social exclusion due to its complex nature. The governments early definition is quite broad and limited. Their definition of social exclusion is "linked problems such as unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime environments, bad health and family breakdown". By 2001 the Governments definition has broadened considerably. They said that "social exclusion is something that can happen to anyone. But some people are significantly more at risk
