Describe the major pathways and transformations involved in the atmospheric transport of Sulphur, produced as SO2 in combustion processes. Outline the major impacts of SO2 upon plants.
Describe the major pathways and transformations involved in the atmospheric transport of Sulphur, produced as SO2 in combustion processes. Outline the major impacts of SO2 upon plants. Sulphur is an essential nutrient for normal plant growth and development. The primary source of Sulphur is from the soil in the form of sulphate (SO42-), which is taken up by the roots and translocated to the leaves where most of it is reduced and assimilated into organic sulphur compounds. An important primary source of sulphur can be found in the atmosphere. 15 molecular species of Sulphur are found in the atmosphere, according to Berresheim et al (1995). Plants unable to acquire all the sulphur they need from the soil are able to use SO2 from the atmosphere or other volatile compounds such as H2S.When more SO2 is taken up from the atmosphere by plants then is needed, plants are adversely effected. SO2 is considered the most important phytotoxic molecule. Originally most sulphur combustion was carried out in widely scattered domestic appliances, increasingly with introduction of Pollution Abatement Legislation, energy generation became localised in large centralised facilities, such as those designed to produce electricity. These attempted to improve the local environment around them by building taller and taller stacks to disperse the gases higher into the atmosphere. Consequently, gases
Memory loss- Outline and discuss the principle features of organic amnesia.
Memory loss- Outline and discuss the principle features of organic amnesia An amnesiac is someone who suffers from memory loss, and one of the reasons this might occur is as the result of brain damage. Organic amnesia is the loss of memory due to physical damage to the brain and is also known as the amnesiac syndrome. Most patients with amnesia show normal intelligence and a short-term memory span, but have impaired recall and recognition for facts and events experienced before or after the critical brain damage (Mayes 1992). One of the several ways that the brain damage can arise, is from Korsakoff's syndrome, which is the consequence of a deficiency in the vitamin Thiamine, associated with chronic alcoholism. It is the most common cause of acute amnesia. Sufferers of the syndrome are unable to recall many items or events of the past. When they are presented with such items, the patient does not feel identifiable with them. Patients often deny that there is anything wrong with them, and time and place can be disorientating for them. To fill in gaps in their memory they may also confabulate, or make up false bits of memories, that they believe to be true. Other causes of amnesia may result from surgical lesions conducted for the relief of epilepsy, infection of the brain or encephalitis and head injury. Amnesia is linked to causing bilateral damage to a number of structures
Reflect the experiment Asch conducted in 1951.
Title Group Size and Conformity. Abstract The experiment I will carry out to find my aim will reflect the experiment Asch conducted in 1951. To find out if conformity does really exist and if increasing the number of confederates in a group will have any significant changes. Previous research has indicated that conformity increases when confederates increase. I will have a group of students, who will undergo a test within a group. The number of confederates will increase within the group, starting with two people, 1 of whom will be a confederate. The participants will be from my college and they will roughly be of the same age group. The group size will increase with the addition of more participants and a further one confederate. The chosen method for this experiment is experimental as I am comparing two variables, group size and conformity. I will use an independent measure design as different participants will be used in different situations. We want to see in this experiment if conformity occurs when someone voluntarily performs an act because others are doing it as previous research has indicated. Introduction Conformity is defined by Zimbardo (1992) as, 'A tendency for people to adopt behaviour, values and attitudes of other members of a reference group.' Mann (1969) identified the two major types of conformity: normative conformity and informational conformity.
Why do Athletes Use Drugs?
Why athletes use drugs? Doping is an issue which continues to challenge the sporting community. There are a number of factors that may contribute to an athlete misusing drugs. These factors can be related to the drug itself, the person or their environment. The basic desire to be successful and satisfy ego requirements is a major source of internal pressure. Problems such as self doubt, lack of confidence, nervousness, stress and depression are common to all athletes. The characteristics of self pressure are not exclusive to people in the sporting field. Competitors set the standards to which an athlete must perform. If an athlete believes that a competitor has obtained some kind of advantage, then the pressure to also have or use this advantage is significant, for example, a better designed golf club, a lighter running shoe or the use of steroids. Similar peer group pressure may come from team mates. A successful athlete is often associated with a successful coach. As a result, the coach may place direct pressure on an athlete to perform and may be the source of further internal pressure. Financial and material rewards are major influences on athletes and sporting performance. Sport, which was once an activity to fill in leisure time, has now become a way to earn a living for some of our elite athletes. In recent times people have commented that money-making principles
Mitochondria and The Golgi Complex
Work Book Section II a(i) Mitochondria a(ii) The structure and shape of the shape in the diagram suggested to me that it was a mitochondria cell. The structure of the all round shape and also the inner walls to the mitochondria cell. b(i) Golgi Complex b(ii) and 1c A membrane bound compartment in the interior of a cell. This compartment is involved in modifying, sorting and packaging lipid, carbohydrate and protein molecules for secretion or for delivery to other organelles. www.lsdn.com/glance_glossary.shtml One of the organelles that is in both the animal and the plant cells is the golgi apparatus. In this organelle, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) sends vesicles(The function of the vesicles are to mainly transport proteins and other cellular material between cells and organelles) to the Golgi complex where they fuse with the cell membrane. Their membrane, which has now added to the membrane of the sacs of the golgi, empties it's contents of it into the golgi sac. Audesirk, Teresa; Audesirk, Gerald; "Fifth Edition Biology Life on Earth" Prentice-Hall; 1999 The Molecular Biology of The Cell. Second Edition. New York. Garland Publishing, Inc. 1989 d Single-membrane structure. The thickness of structure C shows to be only a single membrane cell. Also the structure when compared to other similar looking cells on the diagram, such as structure D, looks less rigid and
This House Would Ban All Experiments on Animals.
This House Would Ban All Experiments on Animals The first reason why I believe that all experiments on animals should be banned is because it is totally against all our morals. Humans aren't superior to animals and should most certainly not have the power of life or death over another living species, whether it can speak or not. All animals have emotions and can feel pain, and it's cruel to make animals suffer for the benefit of humans. Apart from this, the living conditions of the animals are catastrophic. Chimpanzees, which are often tested on share 98.4% of their DNA with humans. How would you feel if you were stuck in a cage where there is so little room, you can't even move, and you know that in a matter of days, you are going to be injected with life-threatening chemicals? You know there is a strong possibility you are going to suffer huge amounts of pain, or perhaps even die. Another reason to ban all experiments on animals is the reliability of these tests. Dosing a mouse or a rabbit with drugs won't have the same effect on humans, and the chances of these tests resulting in a cure is next-to-nothing. The most common way in which these tests are performed is by dripping substances into rabbits' eyes, which would obviously cause tremendous pain, or applying it to the shaved backs of rabbits or guinea pigs and studying the resulting irritation or damage. Animals
In what ways does the practice of applied psychology show that academic psychology is not simply a data-gathering exercise, but has practical benefits for human life?
In what ways does the practice of applied psychology show that academic psychology is not simply a data-gathering exercise, but has practical benefits for human life? Introduction It could be argued that the major justification for the existence of academic psychology is ultimately to produce practical benefits for human life. Of course it would be satisfying to know intellectually why we do the things we do, but more than that, we would like to be able to apply psychological methods to making our own lives and the lives of others happier, safer and free. The dictionary defines 'benefit' as 'enhances wellbeing' (Heritage(r) Dictionary of the English Language, 2000). Below I firstly explore situations where psychology studies could benefit human life where they to be applied, secondly those areas where psychology has been applied but whether well-being has been enhanced overall is uncertain. Lastly I describe where the benefit to human life from psychology in action is clearly demonstrated. Psychological studies with potential for benefit Increasingly psychology research in the area of psychopathology is leading to the conclusion that so-called mental illness is not so much a 'chemical imbalance' as it is colloquially known but rather a result of 'bad life experiences'. This is shown in the case of schizophrenia, a mental aberration often thought of as having
This author will attempt to show two different forms of prejudice, using African-American Black History, and the persecution of the Jews in World War II.
Prejudism Prejudice. The path of the righteous man is beset on all sides by the inequities of the selfish, and the tyranny´s of evil men. Blessed is he who in the name of charity & goodwill shepherds the weak through the valley of darkness, for He is truly his brothers keeper and the finder of lost children, and I will strike down upon thee with great vengeance and furious anger those who attempt to poison and destroy my brothers, and you will know my name is the Lord when I lay my vengeance upon thee. Ezekiel 25:17. New testament. Introduction. This author will attempt to show two different forms of prejudice, using African-American Black History, and the persecution of the Jews in World War II. What is prejudice? Prejudice is an extreme attitude towards one particular group of people, and it compromises the components of all attitudes including: · Cognitive component, i.e. stereotyping · Affective component, i.e. strong feeling of hostility · Behavioral component, i.e. actions and manners. (Gross-Science of Mind and behavior 1999). Allport (Gross et al 1999) states that the behavioral component may include five different examples: · Antilocution: hostility via verbal expression, verbal denigration & insult, racial jokes and references. · Avoidance: keeping a distance but not inflicting physical harm. · Discrimination: exclusion from civil rights, decent
Evaluate critically the evidence in favour of late selection.
SHIKHA GOSAIN Evaluate critically the evidence in favour of late selection The debate concerning the locus of attentional selection has been a moot point ever since Deutsch and Deutsch (1963) contested Broadbent's theory of early perceptual selection with their theory of late response selection (1958). The production of competing data and competing explanations over whether selection occurs early or late has been relatively unsuccessful in facilitating our understanding of attention. However, it has become increasingly apparent that the degree of processing achieved by information in visual displays is dependent on a variety of factors and, therefore, a clear-cut distinction between early selection and late selection may be inappropriate. In particular Miller (1991) identified that the processing of unattended stimuli depended on how much of the attentional capacity was engaged by the attended items. This concept was investigated further by Lavie (1995) who reviewed evidence for the effect of load (number of items) on performance in a variety of selective tasks. Lavie (1995) proposed that whether attention is early or late depends on the demands of the task. Lavie's work directs us to a promising compromise between a strict early or late selection theory. This essay will firstly outline the main principles of the early selection and late selection theories. Evidence for late
Factors Affecting Performance Age, gender and disability
Factors Affecting Performance Age, gender and disability Age: Age can affect people's performance in no matter what sport. As you get older, your body starts to lose some of the aspects it had when you were younger and starts slowing down. We become less flexible and our bones become more brittle and easier to break. This means we can't do things as sufficiently as we'd like to. Muscles lose some of their capacity for effort and long endurance so endurance and strength are reduced. This means that as we get older, we are less likely to take part in contact sports as we won't be as fit or flexible to do so. Our limb speed and reaction time also slows down with age. It is good that as we grow older, we still participate in activities as it helps us keep good health. Disability: As we become older, we will become less mobile; our vision will get worse, along with our hearing and other things and we become unable to do things that we once used to be able to. There are also people who could have been affected by disability either mentally less able through inherited conditions, accidents or illnesses or physically. An example of physical disability is arthritis that can affect anyone at any age but is most likely to affect you as you get older. This disease causes inflammation in the joints and when you move it becomes very painful. Medicines that have development have made
